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Purpose <p>The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a bioactive, osteoconductive composite material (OCM) composed of nanofibrin (NF), hydroxyapatite (HA), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), designed to replicate the anisotropic microstructure of native bone tissue and promote repair in critical-size bone defects.</p> Methods <p>The OCM was synthesized by blending nanofibrin, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (110–500&#xa0;nm), and reduced graphene oxide, followed by loading with doxycycline (DOX) — an antibiotic known to enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Characterization was performed using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Drug release behavior of DOX was monitored over a 40-day period. In vitro bioactivity was assessed via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and MTT cell viability assays.</p> Results <p>The composite exhibited sustained DOX release, with 55% release at day 20 and 98% at day 40. FTIR and UV–Vis confirmed successful integration of HA and rGO, while HRSEM showed a porous microstructure. ALP activity demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase by day 11 compared to control groups, and MTT assay confirmed greater than 85% cell viability, indicating excellent biocompatibility.</p> Conclusion <p>The DOX-loaded NF–HA–rGO composite scaffold offers a bioactive, osteoconductive, and biocompatible matrix capable of sustained drug delivery to promote bone regeneration. These findings highlight its potential as a candidate for bone tissue engineering, warranting further in vivo validation.</p> Lay&#xa0;Summary <p>Researchers developed a new bone repair material that combines natural proteins, bone minerals, and a carbon-based additive. It gradually releases the bone-healing drug doxycycline over 40 days, supports cell growth, and enhances bone-forming activity in lab tests. This approach may help improve the treatment of severe bone injuries in future clinical applications.</p>

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Novel Potentially Osteoconductive Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanofibrin-Hydroxyapatite-rGO Composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Senthil Rethinam

摘要

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a bioactive, osteoconductive composite material (OCM) composed of nanofibrin (NF), hydroxyapatite (HA), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), designed to replicate the anisotropic microstructure of native bone tissue and promote repair in critical-size bone defects.

Methods

The OCM was synthesized by blending nanofibrin, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (110–500 nm), and reduced graphene oxide, followed by loading with doxycycline (DOX) — an antibiotic known to enhance osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Characterization was performed using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Drug release behavior of DOX was monitored over a 40-day period. In vitro bioactivity was assessed via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and MTT cell viability assays.

Results

The composite exhibited sustained DOX release, with 55% release at day 20 and 98% at day 40. FTIR and UV–Vis confirmed successful integration of HA and rGO, while HRSEM showed a porous microstructure. ALP activity demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase by day 11 compared to control groups, and MTT assay confirmed greater than 85% cell viability, indicating excellent biocompatibility.

Conclusion

The DOX-loaded NF–HA–rGO composite scaffold offers a bioactive, osteoconductive, and biocompatible matrix capable of sustained drug delivery to promote bone regeneration. These findings highlight its potential as a candidate for bone tissue engineering, warranting further in vivo validation.

Lay Summary

Researchers developed a new bone repair material that combines natural proteins, bone minerals, and a carbon-based additive. It gradually releases the bone-healing drug doxycycline over 40 days, supports cell growth, and enhances bone-forming activity in lab tests. This approach may help improve the treatment of severe bone injuries in future clinical applications.