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Abstract <p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and chronic migraine present major therapeutic challenges due to the restrictive blood–brain barrier (BBB), which limits drug delivery to the central nervous system. Intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a promising non-invasive strategy to bypass the BBB and enable direct brain targeting. Among recent innovations, dissolving microneedle (DMN) systems stand out for their ability to combine targeted nasal delivery with minimal invasiveness and improved patient compliance. This review explores the potential of DMNs in nose-to-brain delivery for treating NDs, with a focus on biodegradable polymers such as hyaluronic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and chitosan. These materials provide biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and structural integrity. Key design aspects, formulation strategies, and pharmacokinetic considerations are discussed, alongside preclinical and emerging clinical data evaluating the infect and efficacy of nasal DMNs. The review also addresses challenges such as mucociliary clearance, formulation stability, and scalability. Overall, DMN technology represents a promising platform for advancing neurotherapeutic drug delivery, offering a novel route for effective treatment of NDs.</p> Lay Summary <p>Millions of people around the world are affected by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and there is still no definitive cure. A major challenge in treating these conditions is that many medications cannot effectively reach the brain because of the presence of natural barrier known as the blood–brain barrier. To address this issue, researchers are exploring an innovative solution: nasal dissolving microneedles. These microscopic needles, composed of safe, biodegradable materials, are gently applied inside the nasal cavity. They dissolve after administration and deliver drugs directly to the brain, bypassing the blood–brain barrier via olfactory bulb without causing pain or discomfort. This article examines how nasal dissolving microneedles enhance brain-targeted drug delivery, outlines their design and benefits, and presents their potential to transform treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. This approach may lead to better patient outcomes and minimize the side effects seen with conventional therapies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From Nose to Neurons: The Emerging Role of Dissolving Microneedles in Neurodegenerative Disease Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • D. Nagashree,
  • Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen

摘要

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and chronic migraine present major therapeutic challenges due to the restrictive blood–brain barrier (BBB), which limits drug delivery to the central nervous system. Intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a promising non-invasive strategy to bypass the BBB and enable direct brain targeting. Among recent innovations, dissolving microneedle (DMN) systems stand out for their ability to combine targeted nasal delivery with minimal invasiveness and improved patient compliance. This review explores the potential of DMNs in nose-to-brain delivery for treating NDs, with a focus on biodegradable polymers such as hyaluronic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and chitosan. These materials provide biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and structural integrity. Key design aspects, formulation strategies, and pharmacokinetic considerations are discussed, alongside preclinical and emerging clinical data evaluating the infect and efficacy of nasal DMNs. The review also addresses challenges such as mucociliary clearance, formulation stability, and scalability. Overall, DMN technology represents a promising platform for advancing neurotherapeutic drug delivery, offering a novel route for effective treatment of NDs.

Lay Summary

Millions of people around the world are affected by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and there is still no definitive cure. A major challenge in treating these conditions is that many medications cannot effectively reach the brain because of the presence of natural barrier known as the blood–brain barrier. To address this issue, researchers are exploring an innovative solution: nasal dissolving microneedles. These microscopic needles, composed of safe, biodegradable materials, are gently applied inside the nasal cavity. They dissolve after administration and deliver drugs directly to the brain, bypassing the blood–brain barrier via olfactory bulb without causing pain or discomfort. This article examines how nasal dissolving microneedles enhance brain-targeted drug delivery, outlines their design and benefits, and presents their potential to transform treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. This approach may lead to better patient outcomes and minimize the side effects seen with conventional therapies.

Graphical Abstract