Abstract <p>Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition with multiple potential causes, and lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (FJ OA) is one of them. Understanding the pathogenesis of FJ OA and developing effective treatment strategies require the utilization of animal models. This narrative review provides a comprehensive summary of animal models for FJ OA. Firstly, the current status of LBP is discussed, emphasizing the relevance of FJs in this condition. The anatomical characteristics and biomechanics of the FJs are then explored, highlighting their role in spinal stability and movement. The classification of animal models is presented, including structural models, mechanical models, surgical models, and spontaneous models, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The induction methods for FJ OA are described, such as needle puncture, chemical induction, inducing joint instability, mechanical loading, ovariectomy, and genetic modifications. Finally, the importance of these models in elucidating FJ OA pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions is emphasized. Animal models serve as valuable tools for studying FJ OA and developing novel approaches to manage this condition associated with LBP.&#xa0;</p> Lay Summary <p>Low back pain (LBP) is a common chronic condition, especially in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with facet joint osteoarthritis (FJ OA) being a significant contributor. Although often coexisting with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), isolated FJ OA occurs in nearly 20% of cases. Aging, IDD, biological sex, obesity, injury, and lifestyle factors are linked to FJ OA. Current treatments focus on pain relief without halting disease progression, highlighting the need for animal models to study its pathogenesis and develop effective therapies.</p>