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Purpose <p>Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a renewable and biodegradable nanomaterial, offers promising applications in tissue regeneration due to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and tunable surface properties. This review examines NCC’s advancements in functionalization and integration into cutting-edge technologies, focusing on its role in skin, bone, cartilage, and neural tissue repair.</p> Methods <p>We searched the literature using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on recent developments in NCC-based biomaterials and their translational potential in tissue engineering.</p> Results <p>NCC-based scaffolds, hydrogels, and composites have demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties, cellular interaction, and tissue regeneration capabilities. Functionalization techniques, including enzyme-mediated processes and nanofabrication, have significantly improved their biocompatibility. Integration with 3D/4D printing has enabled the development of stimuli-responsive materials. Challenges remain in regulatory compliance, large-scale production, and cost-efficiency.</p> Conclusion <p>NCC is a sustainable and versatile material with immense potential in regenerative medicine. Addressing translational hurdles will accelerate its clinical adoption and broaden its therapeutic applications.</p> Lay Summary <p>NCC is a plant-derived material offering innovative solutions for repairing tissues like skin, bone, and cartilage. Its ability to mimic natural tissues makes it a promising choice for medical applications. Recent advancements have enabled the creation of materials that adapt to their environment, supporting better healing outcomes. However, production challenges and regulatory issues need resolution for widespread clinical use.</p> Future Works <p>Research should focus on scalable production methods, long-term biocompatibility studies, and developing multifunctional NCC-based materials for diverse tissue engineering applications, including neural and vascular systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Nanocrystalline Cellulose in Tissue Regeneration: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Payal Bhatnagar,
  • Shikha Sharma,
  • Prasanthi Sri,
  • Nur Hashimah Alias,
  • Nor Amirrah Ibrahim

摘要

Purpose

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a renewable and biodegradable nanomaterial, offers promising applications in tissue regeneration due to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and tunable surface properties. This review examines NCC’s advancements in functionalization and integration into cutting-edge technologies, focusing on its role in skin, bone, cartilage, and neural tissue repair.

Methods

We searched the literature using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on recent developments in NCC-based biomaterials and their translational potential in tissue engineering.

Results

NCC-based scaffolds, hydrogels, and composites have demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties, cellular interaction, and tissue regeneration capabilities. Functionalization techniques, including enzyme-mediated processes and nanofabrication, have significantly improved their biocompatibility. Integration with 3D/4D printing has enabled the development of stimuli-responsive materials. Challenges remain in regulatory compliance, large-scale production, and cost-efficiency.

Conclusion

NCC is a sustainable and versatile material with immense potential in regenerative medicine. Addressing translational hurdles will accelerate its clinical adoption and broaden its therapeutic applications.

Lay Summary

NCC is a plant-derived material offering innovative solutions for repairing tissues like skin, bone, and cartilage. Its ability to mimic natural tissues makes it a promising choice for medical applications. Recent advancements have enabled the creation of materials that adapt to their environment, supporting better healing outcomes. However, production challenges and regulatory issues need resolution for widespread clinical use.

Future Works

Research should focus on scalable production methods, long-term biocompatibility studies, and developing multifunctional NCC-based materials for diverse tissue engineering applications, including neural and vascular systems.

Graphical Abstract