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Purpose <p>This study investigates the impact of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), evaluating their effects on various cellular processes: proliferation, cytotoxicity, adhesion, differentiation, and inflammatory responses.</p> Methods <p>PLGA-NPs were synthesized using a surface deposition method; were characterized for their size, charge, and shape; and were freeze-dried. SHED cells were treated with various concentrations (0.024–0.975 mg/ml) of PLGA-NPs.</p> Results <p>The study found that at 0.16 mg/ml, there was no significant difference in proliferation compared to untreated cells, with no cytotoxic effects. However, higher concentrations reduced proliferation to 10% of control levels. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that PLGA-NPs did not affect mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) at 0.08 mg/ml, while higher concentrations decreased CD105 expression. Cell migration was not affected by concentrations ≤ 0.32 mg/ml but was significantly reduced at 0.65 mg/ml. Cell adhesion was enhanced at 0.32 mg/ml, with no significant change at other concentrations. Osteogenic differentiation showed reduced calcium production at lower concentrations, with no mineralization at higher concentrations. Inflammatory gene expression in macrophage-like cells was significantly reduced for several cytokines at all PLGA-NP concentrations, while TNF-α was decreased only at the lowest concentration.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, PLGA-NPs demonstrated biocompatibility with SHED cells and could be a promising tool for enhancing stem cell-based therapies in tissue engineering, improving therapeutic outcomes by efficiently delivering supplements and differentiation inducers.</p> Lay Summary <p>This study explores the effects of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) on stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), focusing on how they influence key cell processes such as growth, survival, adhesion, differentiation, and immunomodulation. SHED cells were treated with various concentrations of PLGA-NPs, finding that the nanoparticles did not affect the cells or their growth rate at lower concentrations (up to 0.16 mg/ml). However, higher concentrations reduced cell growth and hindered cell movement. The nanoparticles did not alter specific stem cell markers at low concentrations, but higher doses reduced some of these markers. They also showed that the nanoparticles could enhance cell attachment at specific concentrations and improve inflammatory responses by reducing the production of certain cytokines. The study concluded that PLGA-NPs are generally safe for SHED cells and could be a valuable tool for improving stem cell-based therapies, potentially boosting the effectiveness of treatments in tissue regeneration.&#xa0;</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of the Effect of Polylactic-co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles on the Characteristics of Stem Cells Derived from Primary Teeth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Mohammad AbuOun,
  • Mohammad Alnatour,
  • Duaa Quedan,
  • Nizar Abuharfiel,
  • Firas Alsoleihat,
  • Duaa Abuarqoub

摘要

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), evaluating their effects on various cellular processes: proliferation, cytotoxicity, adhesion, differentiation, and inflammatory responses.

Methods

PLGA-NPs were synthesized using a surface deposition method; were characterized for their size, charge, and shape; and were freeze-dried. SHED cells were treated with various concentrations (0.024–0.975 mg/ml) of PLGA-NPs.

Results

The study found that at 0.16 mg/ml, there was no significant difference in proliferation compared to untreated cells, with no cytotoxic effects. However, higher concentrations reduced proliferation to 10% of control levels. Immunophenotypic analysis revealed that PLGA-NPs did not affect mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) at 0.08 mg/ml, while higher concentrations decreased CD105 expression. Cell migration was not affected by concentrations ≤ 0.32 mg/ml but was significantly reduced at 0.65 mg/ml. Cell adhesion was enhanced at 0.32 mg/ml, with no significant change at other concentrations. Osteogenic differentiation showed reduced calcium production at lower concentrations, with no mineralization at higher concentrations. Inflammatory gene expression in macrophage-like cells was significantly reduced for several cytokines at all PLGA-NP concentrations, while TNF-α was decreased only at the lowest concentration.

Conclusion

Overall, PLGA-NPs demonstrated biocompatibility with SHED cells and could be a promising tool for enhancing stem cell-based therapies in tissue engineering, improving therapeutic outcomes by efficiently delivering supplements and differentiation inducers.

Lay Summary

This study explores the effects of polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) on stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), focusing on how they influence key cell processes such as growth, survival, adhesion, differentiation, and immunomodulation. SHED cells were treated with various concentrations of PLGA-NPs, finding that the nanoparticles did not affect the cells or their growth rate at lower concentrations (up to 0.16 mg/ml). However, higher concentrations reduced cell growth and hindered cell movement. The nanoparticles did not alter specific stem cell markers at low concentrations, but higher doses reduced some of these markers. They also showed that the nanoparticles could enhance cell attachment at specific concentrations and improve inflammatory responses by reducing the production of certain cytokines. The study concluded that PLGA-NPs are generally safe for SHED cells and could be a valuable tool for improving stem cell-based therapies, potentially boosting the effectiveness of treatments in tissue regeneration. 

Graphical Abstract