<p>Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) has been most widely investigated in the realm of tissue engineering applications over the past decade. In case of synthetic polymer–based hydrogels, covalent crosslinking (e.g., UV with irgacure) and ionic crosslinking (e.g. CaCl<sub>2</sub>) are widely adopted independently for stabilizing the scaffolds under physiological conditions. Dual crosslinking technique is significantly less explored for both synthetic and natural hydrogels. Particularly against this perspective in the context of additive manufacturing, the current study endeavors to advance the field by formulating a novel composite hydrogel, featuring the synthesis of the less-explored gelatin glycidyl methacrylate (GGMA) as a methacrylate adduct. The differences in terms of mechanical and biophysical properties between UV crosslinked and dual crosslinked composite hydrogels have been rationalized by parallel networking of GGMA and alginate. The dual crosslinking approach increases the modulus and strain properties by fourfold for composite hydrogels in contrast to the twofold increase of the same hydrogel after UV crosslinking. The same approach is also accompanied by a significant reduction in swelling and degradation properties. The printability and buildability of the new hydrogel formulations were established by optimizing the 3D extrusion parameters. The GGMA hydrogels could be printed with the rectangular grid or honeycomb or cylindrical structures with good shape fidelity, when printed in the temperature window of 18–22℃ with the printing speed of 8&#xa0;mm/s. Significant emphasis has been provided on correlating the buildability and the structural resolution with the rheological properties. Taken together, this study establishes a new class of 3D extrusion printable hydrogel formulation with an attempt to understand&#xa0;the underlying process science.</p>

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Dual Crosslinkable Gelatin Glycidyl Methacrylate-based Hydrogel: Key Insights to Biophysical Properties and Applicability Towards 3D Printing

  • Garga Mondal,
  • Sulob Roy Chowdhury,
  • Priyanka Paul,
  • Bikramjit Basu

摘要

Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) has been most widely investigated in the realm of tissue engineering applications over the past decade. In case of synthetic polymer–based hydrogels, covalent crosslinking (e.g., UV with irgacure) and ionic crosslinking (e.g. CaCl2) are widely adopted independently for stabilizing the scaffolds under physiological conditions. Dual crosslinking technique is significantly less explored for both synthetic and natural hydrogels. Particularly against this perspective in the context of additive manufacturing, the current study endeavors to advance the field by formulating a novel composite hydrogel, featuring the synthesis of the less-explored gelatin glycidyl methacrylate (GGMA) as a methacrylate adduct. The differences in terms of mechanical and biophysical properties between UV crosslinked and dual crosslinked composite hydrogels have been rationalized by parallel networking of GGMA and alginate. The dual crosslinking approach increases the modulus and strain properties by fourfold for composite hydrogels in contrast to the twofold increase of the same hydrogel after UV crosslinking. The same approach is also accompanied by a significant reduction in swelling and degradation properties. The printability and buildability of the new hydrogel formulations were established by optimizing the 3D extrusion parameters. The GGMA hydrogels could be printed with the rectangular grid or honeycomb or cylindrical structures with good shape fidelity, when printed in the temperature window of 18–22℃ with the printing speed of 8 mm/s. Significant emphasis has been provided on correlating the buildability and the structural resolution with the rheological properties. Taken together, this study establishes a new class of 3D extrusion printable hydrogel formulation with an attempt to understand the underlying process science.