Niosomes: A Revolution in Sustainable and Targeted Drug Delivery-Green Synthesis, Precision Medicine, and Beyond

Purpose

Niosomes, formed from non-ionic surfactants, are emerging as powerful nanocarriers in drug delivery, addressing critical needs for stability, biocompatibility, and flexibility in drug encapsulation. This review investigates the development, preparation techniques, and applications of niosomes, underscoring their potential for advancing targeted, controlled, and sustained drug delivery in modern medicine.

Methods

A comprehensive review of niosome-based drug delivery systems was conducted, examining key preparation methods such as thin-film hydration, reverse-phase evaporation, and sonication. Studies were analyzed for drug encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, and formulation stability. Special focus was given to surface modifications and green synthesis approaches that enhance niosomal stability while promoting eco-friendly production.

Results

Niosomes demonstrate clear advantages over traditional drug carriers, offering improved drug stability, enhanced bioavailability, and precise targeting capabilities. Green synthesis using biodegradable surfactants was found to improve the safety and sustainability profile of niosomes, making them well-suited for modern healthcare demands. Applications in areas like cancer therapy, vaccine delivery, and chronic disease management showcase significant therapeutic benefits, including reduced toxicity and minimized side effects.

Conclusions

This study highlights niosomes as a versatile platform with the potential to transform drug delivery across a variety of therapeutic areas. Their controlled release, stability enhancement, and targeted delivery capabilities position them as valuable tools for future medical applications. Ongoing advancements in green synthesis and surface modification are expected to further refine their efficacy and expand their clinical applications.

Lay Summary

Niosomes are small, effective carriers that protect drugs and release them gradually, targeting specific areas in the body to make treatments safer and more efficient. This study explores the benefits of niosomes and emphasizes sustainable, environmentally friendly methods of production, supporting their use in future healthcare.

Graphical Abstract