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<p>Draft surveys are a fundamental aspect of maritime operations, providing a method for determining a ship’s displacement and the weight of cargo loaded or discharged. This paper comprehensively analyzes Ship Draft Surveys (SDS), their historical evolution, calculation methodologies, impact on ship stability, and associated regulatory frameworks. The study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. This paper highlights key challenges affecting the accuracy of SDS and explores the role of classification societies in standardizing procedures. In addition, advances in artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision (CV), and automation are discussed as potential solutions to enhance the efficiency and reliability of draft surveys. The findings provide valuable information for maritime professionals, researchers, and regulatory authorities looking to improve SDS practices.</p>

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A comprehensive update on literature review of ship draft surveys: methodologies, challenges, and technological advancements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Tiago Novaes Mathias,
  • Daniel de Oliveira Mota,
  • Hugo Bernardes,
  • Rui Carlos Botter,
  • João Marcelo Leal Gomes Leite,
  • André Caron Zanezi

摘要

Draft surveys are a fundamental aspect of maritime operations, providing a method for determining a ship’s displacement and the weight of cargo loaded or discharged. This paper comprehensively analyzes Ship Draft Surveys (SDS), their historical evolution, calculation methodologies, impact on ship stability, and associated regulatory frameworks. The study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. This paper highlights key challenges affecting the accuracy of SDS and explores the role of classification societies in standardizing procedures. In addition, advances in artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision (CV), and automation are discussed as potential solutions to enhance the efficiency and reliability of draft surveys. The findings provide valuable information for maritime professionals, researchers, and regulatory authorities looking to improve SDS practices.