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<p>This study investigates the thermodynamic behaviour of ISO EN 1.0577 (S355J2) mild carbon steel during cryogenic cooling for the decommissioning of offshore monopile foundations (OMFs). Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulations were used to model the cooling dynamics required to reach the Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) across a range of wall thicknesses and environmental conditions. The simulations, validated against ANSYS Finite Element Method (FEM) models with discrepancies under 2.5%, revealed that thicker monopile walls require extended cooling durations, with notably shorter times achieved at lower ambient temperatures. The research introduces the Cryogenic Cooling and Cutting System (CCCS), which combines cryogenic cooling with advanced cutting techniques, achieving up to a 97.9% reduction in cutting time compared to conventional Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) methods. A case study on offshore wind farm decommissioning demonstrates the CCCS’s potential to reduce total operation time by 28% and vessel leasing costs by 23%, thereby enhancing efficiency and minimising environmental impact. This work underscores the critical role of controlled cooling rates in optimising DBTT for low-energy brittle fracture, offering a safer and more effective strategy for OMF decommissioning. Future research will focus on expanding CCCS applicability to other structural materials and integrating real-time cooling control systems for improved offshore performance.</p>

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Investigating thermal dynamic behaviour of cryogenic cooling for low-energy impact fracturing on ISO EN 1.0577 (S355J2) mild carbon steel grade offshore monopile structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Kenneth Bisgaard Christensen,
  • Alireza Maheri,
  • M. Amir Siddiq

摘要

This study investigates the thermodynamic behaviour of ISO EN 1.0577 (S355J2) mild carbon steel during cryogenic cooling for the decommissioning of offshore monopile foundations (OMFs). Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulations were used to model the cooling dynamics required to reach the Ductile to Brittle Transition Temperature (DBTT) across a range of wall thicknesses and environmental conditions. The simulations, validated against ANSYS Finite Element Method (FEM) models with discrepancies under 2.5%, revealed that thicker monopile walls require extended cooling durations, with notably shorter times achieved at lower ambient temperatures. The research introduces the Cryogenic Cooling and Cutting System (CCCS), which combines cryogenic cooling with advanced cutting techniques, achieving up to a 97.9% reduction in cutting time compared to conventional Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) methods. A case study on offshore wind farm decommissioning demonstrates the CCCS’s potential to reduce total operation time by 28% and vessel leasing costs by 23%, thereby enhancing efficiency and minimising environmental impact. This work underscores the critical role of controlled cooling rates in optimising DBTT for low-energy brittle fracture, offering a safer and more effective strategy for OMF decommissioning. Future research will focus on expanding CCCS applicability to other structural materials and integrating real-time cooling control systems for improved offshore performance.