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<p>Citrus leprosis (CL) is the main viral disease affecting Brazilian citriculture. Among its causal agents, citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, <i>Cilevirus leprosis</i>) is predominant in Brazil. This virus mainly affects sweet orange (<i>Citrus x sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) trees, causing chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on fruits, leaves, and stems. The CiLV-C population includes two lineages: São Jose do Rio Preto (SJP) and Cordeirópolis (CRD). Viruses of the CRD lineage are found across Latin America, while those of the SJP lineage are prevalent in the Brazilian citrus belt (São Paulo and southwest Minas Gerais) and are absent elsewhere. In this study, the loads of viruses of each lineage were assessed in field-collected sweet orange samples. Lineage-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays using hydrolysis probes were developed, with primers designed to account for genetic variability across 70 viral isolates. Standard curves with ten-fold serial dilutions of recombinant plasmids yielded amplification efficiencies of 0.99 &lt; E &lt; 1.0. Using these assays, 194 and 85 independent CL lesions from fruits and leaves were evaluated. Viral loads of CiLV-C_SJP were up to four times higher than those of CiLV-C_CRD, while viral quantities in fruits were six-fold to 28-fold higher than in leaves, regardless of lineage. Among commonly used sweet orange varieties in Brazil, CiLV-C_SJP exhibited the highest viral loads in fruits of the Natal variety. The potential adaptive advantage of viruses of the SJP lineage and its impact on CiLV-C epidemiology are discussed, emphasizing implications for genetic improvement and CL management strategies.</p>

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Citrus leprosis virus C loads are affected by viral lineages, infected tree organs, and citrus scion variety, potentially affecting the epidemiology of citrus leprosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • M. P. Barro,
  • P. L. Ramos-González,
  • L. R. Pereira,
  • R. B. Bassanezi,
  • R. Harakava,
  • S. X. B. Silva,
  • J. Freitas-Astúa

摘要

Citrus leprosis (CL) is the main viral disease affecting Brazilian citriculture. Among its causal agents, citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, Cilevirus leprosis) is predominant in Brazil. This virus mainly affects sweet orange (Citrus x sinensis L. Osbeck) trees, causing chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on fruits, leaves, and stems. The CiLV-C population includes two lineages: São Jose do Rio Preto (SJP) and Cordeirópolis (CRD). Viruses of the CRD lineage are found across Latin America, while those of the SJP lineage are prevalent in the Brazilian citrus belt (São Paulo and southwest Minas Gerais) and are absent elsewhere. In this study, the loads of viruses of each lineage were assessed in field-collected sweet orange samples. Lineage-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays using hydrolysis probes were developed, with primers designed to account for genetic variability across 70 viral isolates. Standard curves with ten-fold serial dilutions of recombinant plasmids yielded amplification efficiencies of 0.99 < E < 1.0. Using these assays, 194 and 85 independent CL lesions from fruits and leaves were evaluated. Viral loads of CiLV-C_SJP were up to four times higher than those of CiLV-C_CRD, while viral quantities in fruits were six-fold to 28-fold higher than in leaves, regardless of lineage. Among commonly used sweet orange varieties in Brazil, CiLV-C_SJP exhibited the highest viral loads in fruits of the Natal variety. The potential adaptive advantage of viruses of the SJP lineage and its impact on CiLV-C epidemiology are discussed, emphasizing implications for genetic improvement and CL management strategies.