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<p>Citrus black spot (CBS) is a fungal disease caused by <i>Phyllosticta citricarpa</i>, which affects a broad range of citrus species. The species <i>Citrus latifolia</i> (‘Tahiti’ lime) has been reported as resistant to CBS, whereas <i>C. sinensis</i> (sweet orange) is considered susceptible. However, there are some studies reporting <i>C. aurantium</i> (sour orange) as resistant and others as susceptible. To elucidate this contradiction, a field trial was performed over two seasons to characterize CBS symptoms expressed on these three citrus species. Fruits of ‘Tahiti’ lime, ‘Valencia’ sweet orange, and ‘São Paulo’ sour orange were inoculated with <i>P. citricarpa</i> conidia at three developmental stages. CBS incidence and severity were assessed, and incubation period and symptom types in each species were described. Sweet orange showed typical CBS symptoms, such as false melanosis and hard spot (with pycnidia), whereas no symptom was observed in ‘Tahiti’ lime. For the first time, atypical microlesions were observed in sour orange inoculated fruit. These microlesions did not produce pycnidia and were smaller when compared with typical false melanosis symptoms in sweet orange. There were differences among the three species regarding CBS incidence and severity. In the first season, CBS incidence and severity on sweet orange fruit reached 95% and 19%, while the incidence and severity of microlesions on sour orange were 28% and 2%, respectively. In the following season, the incidence of sweet orange fruit with CBS was 98%, and the severity was 2%, whereas the incidence of sour orange fruit with microlesions was 72%, and the severity was 1%. In both seasons, the average incubation period was 104 and 133 days in sweet and sour orange, respectively, which differed from each other. This study describes for the first time CBS-like symptoms on sour orange, and provides findings for citrus breeders that its resistance to CBS may depends on the genotype used.</p>

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Field susceptibility of Citrus sinensis, C. aurantium and C. latifolia to infections caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Leonardo A. Brandão,
  • Gleice R. Renunza Pires,
  • Rosana G. Pereira,
  • Nelson A. Wulff,
  • Geraldo J. Silva-Junior

摘要

Citrus black spot (CBS) is a fungal disease caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, which affects a broad range of citrus species. The species Citrus latifolia (‘Tahiti’ lime) has been reported as resistant to CBS, whereas C. sinensis (sweet orange) is considered susceptible. However, there are some studies reporting C. aurantium (sour orange) as resistant and others as susceptible. To elucidate this contradiction, a field trial was performed over two seasons to characterize CBS symptoms expressed on these three citrus species. Fruits of ‘Tahiti’ lime, ‘Valencia’ sweet orange, and ‘São Paulo’ sour orange were inoculated with P. citricarpa conidia at three developmental stages. CBS incidence and severity were assessed, and incubation period and symptom types in each species were described. Sweet orange showed typical CBS symptoms, such as false melanosis and hard spot (with pycnidia), whereas no symptom was observed in ‘Tahiti’ lime. For the first time, atypical microlesions were observed in sour orange inoculated fruit. These microlesions did not produce pycnidia and were smaller when compared with typical false melanosis symptoms in sweet orange. There were differences among the three species regarding CBS incidence and severity. In the first season, CBS incidence and severity on sweet orange fruit reached 95% and 19%, while the incidence and severity of microlesions on sour orange were 28% and 2%, respectively. In the following season, the incidence of sweet orange fruit with CBS was 98%, and the severity was 2%, whereas the incidence of sour orange fruit with microlesions was 72%, and the severity was 1%. In both seasons, the average incubation period was 104 and 133 days in sweet and sour orange, respectively, which differed from each other. This study describes for the first time CBS-like symptoms on sour orange, and provides findings for citrus breeders that its resistance to CBS may depends on the genotype used.