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<p>The Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) are important apple diseases in Brazil, caused by species of <i>Colletotrichum.</i> Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of <i>Colletotrichum chrysophilum</i> isolates from different tissues (MANE 147, leaves; MANE 41 fruit) of the apple trees to cause BR symptoms in fruit at different stages of development on the field and postharvest. Apple fruit were inoculated in three developmental stages (immature (J1), intermediate (J2) and early (J3) fruit maturation stages). Mature fruit were harvested and stored for the identification of quiescent infections. Fruit inoculated with the isolate MANE 147 showed small brown spots at J1 stage in the 2013/2014 season and during stages J1 and J3 in 2015/2016. Fruit inoculated with the isolate MANE 41 at J1 stage presented small brown spots (low incidence) in the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016. At the light microscopy level, intense autofluorescence was detected in the cuticle area of apples inoculated with isolate MANE 41 in comparison to healthy apples and with those inoculated with isolate MANE 147. Fruit inoculated (regardless of the phenological stage) with both <i>C. chrysophilum</i> isolates in the season of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 showed BR symptoms in postharvest. The results suggest that both <i>C. chrysophilum</i> isolates (from leaves or fruit) may cause small brown spots on fruit in the field, which could develop into BR in the postharvest stage. However, these rots do not appear to originate from typical GLS lesions.</p>

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Apple infection by Colletotrichum chrysophilum at different stages of fruit development and symptom expression in the field and postharvest

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Daisy Zamira Delgado Méndez,
  • Leonardo Araujo,
  • Éder Carlos Schmidt,
  • Marciel João Stadnik,
  • Robson Marcelo Di Piero

摘要

The Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) are important apple diseases in Brazil, caused by species of Colletotrichum. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Colletotrichum chrysophilum isolates from different tissues (MANE 147, leaves; MANE 41 fruit) of the apple trees to cause BR symptoms in fruit at different stages of development on the field and postharvest. Apple fruit were inoculated in three developmental stages (immature (J1), intermediate (J2) and early (J3) fruit maturation stages). Mature fruit were harvested and stored for the identification of quiescent infections. Fruit inoculated with the isolate MANE 147 showed small brown spots at J1 stage in the 2013/2014 season and during stages J1 and J3 in 2015/2016. Fruit inoculated with the isolate MANE 41 at J1 stage presented small brown spots (low incidence) in the 2013/2014 and 2015/2016. At the light microscopy level, intense autofluorescence was detected in the cuticle area of apples inoculated with isolate MANE 41 in comparison to healthy apples and with those inoculated with isolate MANE 147. Fruit inoculated (regardless of the phenological stage) with both C. chrysophilum isolates in the season of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 showed BR symptoms in postharvest. The results suggest that both C. chrysophilum isolates (from leaves or fruit) may cause small brown spots on fruit in the field, which could develop into BR in the postharvest stage. However, these rots do not appear to originate from typical GLS lesions.