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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), which is cultivated worldwide, is grown in all states of Brazil, with the second crop accounting for the largest share of grain production. However, it is frequently threatened by diseases, with the corn stunt complex gaining prominence during recent harvests due to the high population density of the corn leafhopper (<i>Dalbulus maidis</i>, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of the four pathogens associated with the complex and aphids, which also transmit viruses in maize. The geographical distribution of these pathogens and other viruses associated with maize crops have not yet been surveyed. This study aimed to investigate the virus species and mollicutes associated with the corn stunt complex from different regions of Brazil. In total, 136 samples were collected from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Bahia. From these samples, total nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) was extracted using the TRIzol reagent. For viruses with an RNA genome, complementary DNA was synthesized for a RT-PCR protocol, whereas conventional PCR was performed for pathogens with a DNA genome, followed by electrophoresis to verify their presence. Amplicons of the expected size were Sanger sequenced. The results confirmed the presence of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), <i>Spiroplasma kunkelli</i>, <i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma asteris, maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV), maize striate mosaic virus (MSMV), and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) across the states studied, as well as the prevalence of MRFV. Biodiversity analysis indicated a broadly similar pattern of pathogen diversity across the maize production areas and states studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of maize yellow mosaic virus and maize striate mosaic virus infecting maize plants in southern Brazil.</p>

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Survey of the mollicutes and viruses associated with maize crops across corn-producing regions of Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Matheus Rodrigues Magalhães Albuquerque,
  • Vinicius M. Stock,
  • Samara Campos do Nascimento,
  • Izabel Cristina Batista,
  • Willian Zancan,
  • Douglas Souza do Amaral,
  • Eduardo Silva Gorayeb,
  • Giselle Camargo Mendes,
  • Kaique Santos Alves,
  • Ricardo Trezzi Casa,
  • Pierri Spolti,
  • Braz Tavares da Hora Júnior,
  • Fabio Nascimento da Silva

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.), which is cultivated worldwide, is grown in all states of Brazil, with the second crop accounting for the largest share of grain production. However, it is frequently threatened by diseases, with the corn stunt complex gaining prominence during recent harvests due to the high population density of the corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of the four pathogens associated with the complex and aphids, which also transmit viruses in maize. The geographical distribution of these pathogens and other viruses associated with maize crops have not yet been surveyed. This study aimed to investigate the virus species and mollicutes associated with the corn stunt complex from different regions of Brazil. In total, 136 samples were collected from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Bahia. From these samples, total nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) was extracted using the TRIzol reagent. For viruses with an RNA genome, complementary DNA was synthesized for a RT-PCR protocol, whereas conventional PCR was performed for pathogens with a DNA genome, followed by electrophoresis to verify their presence. Amplicons of the expected size were Sanger sequenced. The results confirmed the presence of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), Spiroplasma kunkelli, Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV), maize striate mosaic virus (MSMV), and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) across the states studied, as well as the prevalence of MRFV. Biodiversity analysis indicated a broadly similar pattern of pathogen diversity across the maize production areas and states studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of maize yellow mosaic virus and maize striate mosaic virus infecting maize plants in southern Brazil.