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<p>New strategies to control white mold, caused by the fungus <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, need to become available to soybean farmers. In this study, it was hypothesized that soybean plants sprayed with Mantus® [nitrogen (1%) and copper (20%) complexed with polyphenols (10%)] could display a better photosynthetic performance due to reduced white mold symptoms. Mantus® will be referred to as an induced resistance (IR) stimulus. Plants were sprayed with water (control treatment) or with IR stimulus and inoculated or non-inoculated with <i>S</i>. <i>sclerotiorum</i>. The mycelial growth of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> was significantly reduced by the IR stimulus <i>in vitro</i>. White mold severity was significantly reduced by 90, 84, and 67% at 48, 72, and 96&#xa0;h after inoculation (hai), respectively, for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to plants from the control treatment. The area under disease progress curve was significantly reduced by 78% for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to plants from the control treatment. The reduction in white mold symptoms on the leaves of IR stimulus-sprayed plants limited the pathogen-induced impairments in photosynthesis. The infected and IR-stimulus sprayed plants displayed greater values for the leaf gas exchange parameters net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, and transpiration rate, indicating less impedance in stomatal closure and the influx of CO<sub>2</sub> into the mesophyll cells. On top of that, higher values for the chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence parameters variable-to-maximum chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence ratio, photochemical yield, and electron transport rate from 48 to 96 hai for infected and IR stimulus-sprayed plants indicated less photoinhibition and damage to the photosystem II. Moreover, reduced white mold severity in the leaves of IR stimulus-sprayed plants contributed to preserving the efficient use of light energy through carbon fixation reactions, allowing plants with more energy to invest in the biochemical pathways related to cellular reactions. These findings encourage using this IR stimulus in soybean fields to avoid yield losses caused by white mold within the scope of more sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Soybean leaves sprayed with copper complexed with polyphenols display less photosynthetic impairment in response to infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Geovane Souza Gudin,
  • Leandro Castro Silva,
  • Bianca Apolônio Fontes,
  • Verônica Vieira Brás,
  • Aline Vieira Barros,
  • Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues

摘要

New strategies to control white mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, need to become available to soybean farmers. In this study, it was hypothesized that soybean plants sprayed with Mantus® [nitrogen (1%) and copper (20%) complexed with polyphenols (10%)] could display a better photosynthetic performance due to reduced white mold symptoms. Mantus® will be referred to as an induced resistance (IR) stimulus. Plants were sprayed with water (control treatment) or with IR stimulus and inoculated or non-inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum was significantly reduced by the IR stimulus in vitro. White mold severity was significantly reduced by 90, 84, and 67% at 48, 72, and 96 h after inoculation (hai), respectively, for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to plants from the control treatment. The area under disease progress curve was significantly reduced by 78% for IR stimulus-sprayed plants compared to plants from the control treatment. The reduction in white mold symptoms on the leaves of IR stimulus-sprayed plants limited the pathogen-induced impairments in photosynthesis. The infected and IR-stimulus sprayed plants displayed greater values for the leaf gas exchange parameters net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, and transpiration rate, indicating less impedance in stomatal closure and the influx of CO2 into the mesophyll cells. On top of that, higher values for the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters variable-to-maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence ratio, photochemical yield, and electron transport rate from 48 to 96 hai for infected and IR stimulus-sprayed plants indicated less photoinhibition and damage to the photosystem II. Moreover, reduced white mold severity in the leaves of IR stimulus-sprayed plants contributed to preserving the efficient use of light energy through carbon fixation reactions, allowing plants with more energy to invest in the biochemical pathways related to cellular reactions. These findings encourage using this IR stimulus in soybean fields to avoid yield losses caused by white mold within the scope of more sustainable agriculture.