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<p>Pecan [<i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivation is expanding in Argentina, with Catamarca Province emerging as a significant production region. However, fungal diseases such as Alternaria black spot (ABS), caused by <i>Alternaria</i> spp., pose an increasing threat to crop yield and health. Considering that disease quantification is crucial for epidemiological studies and management, this study aimed to design and validate a standard area diagram (SAD) set to improve the visual estimation of ABS severity on pecan leaves. Using 255 diseased leaves, an eight-image SAD set with severity levels that Linearly ranged from 2.2% to 88.9% was designed. Thirty-four raters participated in the validation process using the online platform <i>TraineR2</i> in two phases: unaided and aided assessments. The use of the SAD set significantly improved accuracy metrics. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) increased from 0.93 to 0.97, while precision (r) rose from 0.92 to 0.97. Additionally, inter-rater reliability, measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), improved from 0.86 to 0.93. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SAD set tool in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of ABS severity estimations, highlighting its potential as a practical resource for pecan producers and researchers.</p>

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Development and validation of a standard area diagram (SAD) set for assessing Alternaria black spot severity in pecan leaves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • María Victoria Coronel,
  • Franca Denise Carrasco,
  • Ruth Mariela Kaen,
  • Juan Andres Paredes,
  • Sami Jorge Michereff,
  • Cinthia Conforto,
  • Nelson Bernardi Lima,
  • Luis Ignacio Cazon

摘要

Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivation is expanding in Argentina, with Catamarca Province emerging as a significant production region. However, fungal diseases such as Alternaria black spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria spp., pose an increasing threat to crop yield and health. Considering that disease quantification is crucial for epidemiological studies and management, this study aimed to design and validate a standard area diagram (SAD) set to improve the visual estimation of ABS severity on pecan leaves. Using 255 diseased leaves, an eight-image SAD set with severity levels that Linearly ranged from 2.2% to 88.9% was designed. Thirty-four raters participated in the validation process using the online platform TraineR2 in two phases: unaided and aided assessments. The use of the SAD set significantly improved accuracy metrics. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) increased from 0.93 to 0.97, while precision (r) rose from 0.92 to 0.97. Additionally, inter-rater reliability, measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), improved from 0.86 to 0.93. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SAD set tool in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of ABS severity estimations, highlighting its potential as a practical resource for pecan producers and researchers.