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<p>Sheath rot (caused by <i>Sar</i><i>ocladium oryzae</i>), poses a significant threat to rice cultivation, potentially leading to substantial yield losses. Despite being known for its high variability in the field, there is limited information on population genetic and pathogenic variability in the Jammu region of northern India, which hampers development of effective disease management approaches. In the present study, we assessed morpho-cultural, pathogenic, and genetic diversity of<i> S</i>. <i>oryzae</i> collected from distinct and epidemiologically significant rice-growing regions. <i>S</i>. <i>oryzae</i> isolates were categorized based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, and pathogenic variability. To provide insight into the genetic variability and population structure, the <i>S</i>. <i>oryzae</i> isolates were analysed using ISSR markers that produced 78 polymorphic loci with an average polymorphism rate of 82.97% and with PIC values ranging from 0.13 to 0.36. Bayesian cluster analysis (BCA) inferred two main genetic groups i.e. one in Jammu region, and others in Kathua, Rajouri and Udhampur. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and UPGMA phylogeny were concordant with BCA and supported subdivision into the two subpopulations. AMOVA showed high genetic variation within populations (79%) and less among populations (21%) at <i>P</i>≤0.01%. <i>Nei's</i> gene diversity and Shannon’s Information Index was the highest in Jammu population (0.288, 0.43) followed by those from Udhampur (0.244, 0.24) and the lowest diversity was observed in Rajouri (0.149, 0.23) with mean genetic diversity (Ht) and gene flow of 0.318 and 1.394, respectively among the populations. Furthermore, three rice genotypes i.e. SJR 5, Pusa 44 and PR 118 were effective against the test isolates which may be harnessed as effective donors in rice breeding programmes to evolve high yielding and resistant varieties to this disease. The present study contributed to understanding the morpho-cultural and genetic diversity of sheath rot pathogen in rice cultivating regions of Jammu, offering a valuable insight for future research and breeding strategies to mitigate the impact of highly virulent isolates.</p>

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Elucidating morpho-cultural and population structure analysis of Sarocladium oryzae, the causal organism of sheath rot, in rice-growing regions of northern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Amritpal Mehta,
  • S. K. Singh,
  • Umer Basu,
  • Shafat Ahmad Ahanger,
  • Muhammad Awais,
  • Manmohan Sharma,
  • Punya,
  • Sonali Sharma,
  • Bahaderjeet Singh,
  • Owais Ali Wani,
  • Amrish Vaid,
  • Ashwani Kumar Basandrai

摘要

Sheath rot (caused by Sarocladium oryzae), poses a significant threat to rice cultivation, potentially leading to substantial yield losses. Despite being known for its high variability in the field, there is limited information on population genetic and pathogenic variability in the Jammu region of northern India, which hampers development of effective disease management approaches. In the present study, we assessed morpho-cultural, pathogenic, and genetic diversity of S. oryzae collected from distinct and epidemiologically significant rice-growing regions. S. oryzae isolates were categorized based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, and pathogenic variability. To provide insight into the genetic variability and population structure, the S. oryzae isolates were analysed using ISSR markers that produced 78 polymorphic loci with an average polymorphism rate of 82.97% and with PIC values ranging from 0.13 to 0.36. Bayesian cluster analysis (BCA) inferred two main genetic groups i.e. one in Jammu region, and others in Kathua, Rajouri and Udhampur. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and UPGMA phylogeny were concordant with BCA and supported subdivision into the two subpopulations. AMOVA showed high genetic variation within populations (79%) and less among populations (21%) at P≤0.01%. Nei's gene diversity and Shannon’s Information Index was the highest in Jammu population (0.288, 0.43) followed by those from Udhampur (0.244, 0.24) and the lowest diversity was observed in Rajouri (0.149, 0.23) with mean genetic diversity (Ht) and gene flow of 0.318 and 1.394, respectively among the populations. Furthermore, three rice genotypes i.e. SJR 5, Pusa 44 and PR 118 were effective against the test isolates which may be harnessed as effective donors in rice breeding programmes to evolve high yielding and resistant varieties to this disease. The present study contributed to understanding the morpho-cultural and genetic diversity of sheath rot pathogen in rice cultivating regions of Jammu, offering a valuable insight for future research and breeding strategies to mitigate the impact of highly virulent isolates.