Pratylenchus brachyurus: status and perspectives in Brazilian agriculture

The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, is a migratory endoparasite with highly polyphagous behavior, able to parasitize a broad variety of plant species, including economically significant crops such as soybean, wheat, corn, rice and cotton. Due to its wide range of hosts, ability to survive for an extended period of time in the absence of a host, asexual reproduction, and global distribution, Pratylenchus brachyurus causes a significant impact in various production systems. The symptoms caused by this nematode are characterized by stunted plants, while infected roots become partially or totally darkened (necrotic) due to extensive lesions in the tissues. The nematode is widespread in many countries, including Brazil, where it has been reported in the central area of the country, particularly in the Cerrado region, and has been arising as an important phytosanitary threat to soybean production. Consequently, this pest requires special attention in its management in various agricultural systems. This review comprehensively describes various aspects of P. brachyurus, including its biology, symptoms, and a compiled and updated source of information regarding the spread and damage caused by P. brachyurus, with a focus on Brazilian agriculture. Additionally, the review provides insights into future approaches that offer promising solutions to this problem.