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<p>In this paper, we propose an innovative design for dual-conical mufflers with enhanced sound transmission loss (STL) using triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) metamaterials. The muffler improves STL at low and mid-frequencies, where conventional mufflers are least effective. The design leverages TPMS structures’ unique attributes, such as porosity, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and the ability to tune acoustic impedance to modify wave propagation through the muffler. Three TPMS structure types are considered: P-type, G-type, and IWP-type, which exhibit different configurations and resonances. The designs are assessed in the frequency domain from the numerical modeling software COMSOL Multiphysics® using a high-fidelity 3D model to analyze STL, sound pressure level (SPL), and peak acoustic pressure distributions using post-processed simulation data obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics. An experimental prototype was also fabricated using 3D printing and validated through impedance tube measurements, confirming the accuracy of the results. Comparison between numerical and experimental results shows good agreement and is acceptably robust. Overall, the results indicate that mufflers with TPMS topology outperform their metamaterial-free cylindrical and conical counterparts of equivalent mass. Moreover, the G-type designed muffler achieved the best overall STL, given the structure's periodic complexity and localized resonances relative to the other TPMS geometries. The IWP-type structure exhibits a pronounced high-frequency STL drop due to structural symmetry and wave-guiding effects. Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of geometry-driven acoustic metamaterials for passive noise control. The results indicate the potential of TPMS-based geometries for enhancing STL in compact muffler configurations. However, further investigations considering mean flow, thermoviscous losses, and high-temperature operating conditions are required before practical exhaust applications can be fully assessed.</p>

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Numerical and Experimental Design of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Dual-Conical Mufflers for Sound Transmission Loss Improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • E. Abdoli,
  • R. Talebitooti,
  • S. Goodarzvand Chegini,
  • N. Vafaee

摘要

In this paper, we propose an innovative design for dual-conical mufflers with enhanced sound transmission loss (STL) using triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) metamaterials. The muffler improves STL at low and mid-frequencies, where conventional mufflers are least effective. The design leverages TPMS structures’ unique attributes, such as porosity, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, and the ability to tune acoustic impedance to modify wave propagation through the muffler. Three TPMS structure types are considered: P-type, G-type, and IWP-type, which exhibit different configurations and resonances. The designs are assessed in the frequency domain from the numerical modeling software COMSOL Multiphysics® using a high-fidelity 3D model to analyze STL, sound pressure level (SPL), and peak acoustic pressure distributions using post-processed simulation data obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics. An experimental prototype was also fabricated using 3D printing and validated through impedance tube measurements, confirming the accuracy of the results. Comparison between numerical and experimental results shows good agreement and is acceptably robust. Overall, the results indicate that mufflers with TPMS topology outperform their metamaterial-free cylindrical and conical counterparts of equivalent mass. Moreover, the G-type designed muffler achieved the best overall STL, given the structure's periodic complexity and localized resonances relative to the other TPMS geometries. The IWP-type structure exhibits a pronounced high-frequency STL drop due to structural symmetry and wave-guiding effects. Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of geometry-driven acoustic metamaterials for passive noise control. The results indicate the potential of TPMS-based geometries for enhancing STL in compact muffler configurations. However, further investigations considering mean flow, thermoviscous losses, and high-temperature operating conditions are required before practical exhaust applications can be fully assessed.