<p>This study explores healthcare utilization patterns among the elderly in Haryana, India, focusing on socio-economic, cultural, and systemic barriers that shape their health-seeking behaviour. Based on a robust multi-stage stratified sampling of 441 elderly individuals, the findings reveal that 82.7% sought medical treatment, driven by chronic ailments and household perceptions of vulnerability. However, 17.3% of the elderly, particularly from marginalised groups such as Scheduled Castes, the poorest households, and women, refrained from seeking medical care due to financial constraints, self-medication reliance, and social barriers. The study underscores disparities between rural and urban populations, with rural elderly facing significant accessibility challenges. Cultural preferences for traditional medicine and perceptions of illness severity further influence treatment choices. The reliance on private healthcare among wealthier households highlights financial inequities, while the underutilization of public healthcare by the marginalised groups reflects systemic inefficiencies. Recommendations include strengthening rural healthcare infrastructure, integrating traditional and modern medical systems, and implementing gender-sensitive interventions. By addressing socio-economic inequities and promoting awareness, the study advocates for a more comprehensive and equitable healthcare system to improve the quality of life for Haryana’s aging population. These insights have critical inferences for program and policy reforms aimed at fostering accessible and affordable healthcare services.</p>