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<p>Improving agricultural productivity is essential for enhancing food security and incomes, alleviating poverty, and mitigating rural-to-urban migration. This study examines the impact of rural–urban migration on the household welfare of maize farmers in northern Ghana. We used balanced panel data of 1,056 households from the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey, collected in 2014 and 2018. To analyse migration decisions, we applied correlated random effects and control function methods. The results show that socio-economic characteristics, resource-related factors, access to social amenities, and geographic location significantly influence household migration decisions. To assess the welfare impacts of migration, we applied a two-stage endogenous switching regression model. The results show that households with migrants experienced significant improvements in welfare. Specifically, rural-to-urban migration led to increases in maize yield (45%), farm income (23%), food security (10%), and per capita consumption (22%). Further analysis of conditional, treatment, and heterogeneity effects confirms that migrant households are significantly better off than their non-migrant counterparts. To promote inclusive and sustainable agricultural development, policymakers should implement a comprehensive, migration-aware strategy that capitalizes on the transformative potential of human mobility to improve the food security and welfare of rural communities.</p>

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Farm household welfare implications of rural–urban migration in Northern Ghana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Stephen Prah,
  • Bright Owusu Asante,
  • Omphile Temoso

摘要

Improving agricultural productivity is essential for enhancing food security and incomes, alleviating poverty, and mitigating rural-to-urban migration. This study examines the impact of rural–urban migration on the household welfare of maize farmers in northern Ghana. We used balanced panel data of 1,056 households from the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey, collected in 2014 and 2018. To analyse migration decisions, we applied correlated random effects and control function methods. The results show that socio-economic characteristics, resource-related factors, access to social amenities, and geographic location significantly influence household migration decisions. To assess the welfare impacts of migration, we applied a two-stage endogenous switching regression model. The results show that households with migrants experienced significant improvements in welfare. Specifically, rural-to-urban migration led to increases in maize yield (45%), farm income (23%), food security (10%), and per capita consumption (22%). Further analysis of conditional, treatment, and heterogeneity effects confirms that migrant households are significantly better off than their non-migrant counterparts. To promote inclusive and sustainable agricultural development, policymakers should implement a comprehensive, migration-aware strategy that capitalizes on the transformative potential of human mobility to improve the food security and welfare of rural communities.