<p>This study analyses the trends and patterns of learning inequality in primary education in rural India. It estimates learning inequality using the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient. However, considering the nature of the data, it applies a weighted version of these measures instead of the commonly used formulae. This study utilizes data for 417 districts across 17 major states of India. It finds that at the all-India level, learning inequality declined between 2010 and 2018, though it increased in the majority of the states. It finds a strong positive correlation between learning inequality and inequality in school infrastructure and social development. These associations are further corroborated by the findings of a convergence analysis. A decomposition analysis suggests that while the interstate learning inequality declined, the intrastate learning inequality increased between 2010 and 2018. The findings of this study indicate that improving school infrastructure in regions having poor infrastructure facilities will help reduce learning inequality in rural India.</p>