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<p>Precise control of molecular orientation in nonfullerene acceptors is crucial yet challenging for achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we report a molecular dimerization strategy to regulate orientation and charge-transport anisotropy in ambipolar M-series acceptors. Using the edge-on-oriented small-molecule acceptor MC16 as a model, dimerization into DMC16 effectively suppresses over-aggregation and molecular diffusion while inducing a predominant face-on packing orientation. This orientation transition reverses the transport anisotropy from lateral to vertical directions, enabling balanced ambipolar charge transport and efficient carrier extraction. Consequently, DMC16-based OSCs exhibit a markedly enhanced power conversion efficiency together with outstanding thermal stability, retaining 94% of the initial efficiency after 1800 h at 85 °C and 74% after an additional 1000 h at 120 °C. When introduced as a third component in PM6:M36 ternary blends, DMC16 further optimizes blend morphology and stability, delivering an efficiency of 19.04% and over 15% in 10.15 cm<sup>2</sup> modules. These results demonstrate that dimerization-induced molecular orientation control provides an effective pathway to simultaneously enhance efficiency, stability, and scalability in OSCs.</p>

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Dimerization-induced orientation control in ambipolar M-series acceptors enables efficient and stable organic solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Hongju Zhu,
  • Dongdong Cai,
  • Li Liu,
  • Zhihao Chang,
  • Kuan Ma,
  • Wenfei Yang,
  • Yujun Li,
  • Yunlong Ma,
  • Qingdong Zheng

摘要

Precise control of molecular orientation in nonfullerene acceptors is crucial yet challenging for achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we report a molecular dimerization strategy to regulate orientation and charge-transport anisotropy in ambipolar M-series acceptors. Using the edge-on-oriented small-molecule acceptor MC16 as a model, dimerization into DMC16 effectively suppresses over-aggregation and molecular diffusion while inducing a predominant face-on packing orientation. This orientation transition reverses the transport anisotropy from lateral to vertical directions, enabling balanced ambipolar charge transport and efficient carrier extraction. Consequently, DMC16-based OSCs exhibit a markedly enhanced power conversion efficiency together with outstanding thermal stability, retaining 94% of the initial efficiency after 1800 h at 85 °C and 74% after an additional 1000 h at 120 °C. When introduced as a third component in PM6:M36 ternary blends, DMC16 further optimizes blend morphology and stability, delivering an efficiency of 19.04% and over 15% in 10.15 cm2 modules. These results demonstrate that dimerization-induced molecular orientation control provides an effective pathway to simultaneously enhance efficiency, stability, and scalability in OSCs.