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<p>Although sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits distinctive advantages in antitumor treatment, the robust antioxidant system within tumor tissues reduces the availability of the generated reactive oxygen species and limits its therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, we develop a pH/ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanoplatform, designated as Mn-CaCO<sub>3</sub>@NGQDs/PAA, through the self-assembly of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), Mn-doped CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and polyacrylic acid (PAA). This platform synergistically combines SDT with calcium overload to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, Mn-CaCO<sub>3</sub>@NGQDs/PAA triggers massive production of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) when exposed to ultrasound irradiation, while the acidic microenvironment prompts sustained release of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions, inducing calcium overload. The concomitant elevated <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> level and calcium overload synergistically amplify oxidative stress within tumor cells, resulting in effective suppression of tumor growth. In addition, Mn-CaCO<sub>3</sub>@NGQDs/PAA demonstrates dual-mode T<sub>1</sub>/T<sub>2</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performance, facilitating tumor localization. The integration of SDT and calcium overload maximizes therapeutic efficacy, offering a promising strategy for enhanced tumor therapy.</p>

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Self-assembled theranostic nanoplatform-mediated calcium-overload for enhanced sonodynamic therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Shasha Zhao,
  • Qingyan Huang,
  • Feiyu Yu,
  • Peng Gu,
  • Xueli Ye,
  • Juan Mou,
  • Huixia Wu

摘要

Although sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits distinctive advantages in antitumor treatment, the robust antioxidant system within tumor tissues reduces the availability of the generated reactive oxygen species and limits its therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, we develop a pH/ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanoplatform, designated as Mn-CaCO3@NGQDs/PAA, through the self-assembly of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), Mn-doped CaCO3, and polyacrylic acid (PAA). This platform synergistically combines SDT with calcium overload to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, Mn-CaCO3@NGQDs/PAA triggers massive production of singlet oxygen (1O2) when exposed to ultrasound irradiation, while the acidic microenvironment prompts sustained release of Ca2+ ions, inducing calcium overload. The concomitant elevated 1O2 level and calcium overload synergistically amplify oxidative stress within tumor cells, resulting in effective suppression of tumor growth. In addition, Mn-CaCO3@NGQDs/PAA demonstrates dual-mode T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performance, facilitating tumor localization. The integration of SDT and calcium overload maximizes therapeutic efficacy, offering a promising strategy for enhanced tumor therapy.