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<p>Biomass-derived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) carbon dots (CDs) hold great promise for applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. However, it always remains a challenge to achieve solid-state matrix-free long-lived CDs with time-dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) due to the aggregation-induced quenching effect. Herein, solid-state matrix-free RTP phosphorus-doped CDs (P-CDs) are developed via a one-step hydrothermal process of feather powder and phytic acid (PA). Interestingly, the resulting solid-state P-CDs powder exhibits bright blue fluorescence under UV illumination, and unprecedented TDPCs shifting from yellow to green after removal of UV, with afterglow duration lasting for 12 s (average lifetime: 1.15 s). This enhanced RTP results from increased triplet-state excitons via spin-orbit coupling induced by P-doping. Subsequently, a dual-mode luminescent ink is formulated by combining P-CDs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Notably, this ink is successfully applied to commercial A4 printing paper, and the screen-printed labels also show a pronounced TDPC (from light-yellow to green) with an improved RTP lifetime (1.31 s) after ceasing UV irradiations. Importantly, this P-CDs/PVA ink demonstrates excellent anti-counterfeiting and information encryption capabilities, outstanding luminescent durability, and broad practicability on cellulosic substrates, including fabric and paper. These findings not only provide a strategy for exploiting matrix-free solid-state RTP P-CDs with distinctive TDPC properties but also offer a sustainable route to turning feather wastes into high-value materials.</p>

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Time-dependent phosphorescence color from P-doped carbon dots for advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Yanqing Liu,
  • Jiajia Kong,
  • Jin Yang,
  • Lejie Wang,
  • Jipeng Men,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Weilin Xu,
  • Dongzhi Chen

摘要

Biomass-derived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) carbon dots (CDs) hold great promise for applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. However, it always remains a challenge to achieve solid-state matrix-free long-lived CDs with time-dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) due to the aggregation-induced quenching effect. Herein, solid-state matrix-free RTP phosphorus-doped CDs (P-CDs) are developed via a one-step hydrothermal process of feather powder and phytic acid (PA). Interestingly, the resulting solid-state P-CDs powder exhibits bright blue fluorescence under UV illumination, and unprecedented TDPCs shifting from yellow to green after removal of UV, with afterglow duration lasting for 12 s (average lifetime: 1.15 s). This enhanced RTP results from increased triplet-state excitons via spin-orbit coupling induced by P-doping. Subsequently, a dual-mode luminescent ink is formulated by combining P-CDs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Notably, this ink is successfully applied to commercial A4 printing paper, and the screen-printed labels also show a pronounced TDPC (from light-yellow to green) with an improved RTP lifetime (1.31 s) after ceasing UV irradiations. Importantly, this P-CDs/PVA ink demonstrates excellent anti-counterfeiting and information encryption capabilities, outstanding luminescent durability, and broad practicability on cellulosic substrates, including fabric and paper. These findings not only provide a strategy for exploiting matrix-free solid-state RTP P-CDs with distinctive TDPC properties but also offer a sustainable route to turning feather wastes into high-value materials.