<p>Starvation therapy (ST), which aims to hinder the rapid proliferation of cancer cells by depriving oxygen and nutrients, has been considered an ideal approach for cancer treatment. However, the limitations of traditional ST schemes, such as low targeting efficacy, undesired systemic side effects, elevated tumor hypoxia, induced drug resistance, and increased tumor metastasis risk, limit clinical applications. To overcome these challenges, numerous nanomedicines have been engineered in recent years to advance ST-driven antitumor therapy. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need to summarize the latest advances in advanced nanomaterial-enabled cancer starvation therapy. Herein, we aim to highlight the emerging breakthroughs at the intersection of ST, nanotechnology, and cancer treatment in this rapidly evolving field. This review focuses on several ST-related inducible strategies, including nutrient supply regulation, key nutrient deprivation, and some emerging approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the synergistic benefits of combining ST with other therapeutic modalities, including phototherapy, chemodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, ferroptosis, gas therapy, and immune therapy. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives on the clinical ST of tumors are discussed.</p>