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<p>Despite the significant progress being made, organic solar cells (OSCs) still face challenges, particularly in developing cost-effective materials for achieving high-performance and long-lasting devices. Herein, an organic-inorganic hybrid strategy is developed to obtain homogeneously passivated solution-processible semiconducting metal oxides (MOs) that facilitate the access of efficient and stable organic solar cells with excellent cost-effectiveness. Key to this strategy is the first development of rich surface hydroxyl-containing MOs, and then the introduction of organic molecules to obtain chemically and homogenously passivated MOs, for mitigating the inherent limitations of MO surface defects. As a result, it facilitated the interfacial energy level alignment, charge extraction, and tuned the surface energy of MO as charge-transporting materials (CTMs). OSCs employing such MO CTMs (ZnO electron transport material (ETM) and NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hole transport material (HTM), respectively) have achieved the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.22%, representing the highest value to date for all-MO CTM-based OSCs. Scalability was confirmed through ambient blade-coating of large-area devices, yielding 18.33% PCE (active area of 1.44 cm<sup>2</sup>) in cells and 16.03% PCE for modules (active area of 20.05 cm<sup>2</sup>), with the estimated material costs around 4% of organic counterparts (PEDOT:PSS HTM and PDINN ETM). Further, these all-MO CTMs-based OSCs exhibited outstanding photo- and thermal stability, retained over 80% of their initial PCE after 1300 h of maximum power point (MPP) tracking, and over 1000 h of 85 °C annealing, setting a new benchmark for cost-effective and high-performance organic photovoltaics.</p>

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Cost-effective organic solar cells consisting of homogeneously passivated metal oxides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Xinyu He,
  • Huanxin Ju,
  • Hongzheng Chen,
  • Chang-Zhi Li

摘要

Despite the significant progress being made, organic solar cells (OSCs) still face challenges, particularly in developing cost-effective materials for achieving high-performance and long-lasting devices. Herein, an organic-inorganic hybrid strategy is developed to obtain homogeneously passivated solution-processible semiconducting metal oxides (MOs) that facilitate the access of efficient and stable organic solar cells with excellent cost-effectiveness. Key to this strategy is the first development of rich surface hydroxyl-containing MOs, and then the introduction of organic molecules to obtain chemically and homogenously passivated MOs, for mitigating the inherent limitations of MO surface defects. As a result, it facilitated the interfacial energy level alignment, charge extraction, and tuned the surface energy of MO as charge-transporting materials (CTMs). OSCs employing such MO CTMs (ZnO electron transport material (ETM) and NiOx hole transport material (HTM), respectively) have achieved the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.22%, representing the highest value to date for all-MO CTM-based OSCs. Scalability was confirmed through ambient blade-coating of large-area devices, yielding 18.33% PCE (active area of 1.44 cm2) in cells and 16.03% PCE for modules (active area of 20.05 cm2), with the estimated material costs around 4% of organic counterparts (PEDOT:PSS HTM and PDINN ETM). Further, these all-MO CTMs-based OSCs exhibited outstanding photo- and thermal stability, retained over 80% of their initial PCE after 1300 h of maximum power point (MPP) tracking, and over 1000 h of 85 °C annealing, setting a new benchmark for cost-effective and high-performance organic photovoltaics.