<p>Chirality is ubiquitously present in nature and assumes a pivotal role in a vast array of fields. With the rapid advancements in chiral science and nanotechnology, chiral carbon dots (Ch-CDs), a class of nanomaterials featuring circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, have emerged as a research hotspot. These materials possess remarkable optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, high stability, and abundant raw materials. Furthermore, the intrinsic chirality of Ch-CDs endows them with distinctive photophysical and chemical characteristics, making them a carbon nanomaterial with substantial development potential. They have been extensively applied in photoelectric detection, optical devices, biomedicine, information anti-counterfeiting, and encryption, thereby sparking intense interest and research within the academic community. This paper presents the first systematic refinement and summary of the construction strategies for Ch-CDs, encompassing one-step synthesis, surface modification, and assembly methods. It also reviews the advances in the optical properties of Ch-CDs, with a comprehensive elaboration on the latest research progress in tunable multicolor CPL, CPL enhancement, and triplet-state emission, thereby addressing the gap in reviews focused on triplet-related chiral functionalities. On this basis, the challenges and future perspectives pertaining to the diversified applications and development of Ch-CDs are proposed. This review not only summarizes the current state and achievements in the Ch-CDs field but also aims to pique readers’ curiosity regarding chiral materials. By doing so, we anticipate that this review will further propel fundamental research and future practical applications, thereby fostering the rapid development of the Ch-CDs field.</p>