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<p>Chromium oxides (CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) and fluorinated graphite (CF<sub><i>x</i></sub>) are two typical cathode materials for lithium primary batteries. The former owns the highest theoretical energy density, but suffers from poor low practical capacity and inferior rate capability; the latter has the highest theoretical discharge capacity, but fails to fast discharge. It is desirable to combine the merits of the two cathodes by designing a composite cathode. However, the electrochemical performance of the composite cathode is still far from satisfactory. In this work, we identified that by regulating the overlapped discharge potential of these two cathodes, the F atom will migrate from CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> to CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, thus leading to a homogeneous distribution of LiF and improved ionic and electronic conductivity, eventually enhancing the high-rate discharge performance. Benefiting from the synergetic effect, the CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/10%eCF<sub><i>x</i></sub> composite exhibits a considerably high energy density of 496.59 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 49.7 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> (50 C), which is far superior to the pure CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and CF<sub><i>x</i></sub> electrodes. We believe that the high-performance CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/eCF<sub><i>x</i></sub> composite cathode will justify its practical application in revitalizing advanced lithium primary batteries.</p>

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Revitalizing high-performance lithium primary batteries via the synergetic effect of CrOx and CFx

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Rui Yang,
  • Qingfei Meng,
  • Gengzhong Lin,
  • Yuyang Qi,
  • Shuwei Zhang,
  • Zhongxue Chen,
  • Yuliang Cao

摘要

Chromium oxides (CrOx) and fluorinated graphite (CFx) are two typical cathode materials for lithium primary batteries. The former owns the highest theoretical energy density, but suffers from poor low practical capacity and inferior rate capability; the latter has the highest theoretical discharge capacity, but fails to fast discharge. It is desirable to combine the merits of the two cathodes by designing a composite cathode. However, the electrochemical performance of the composite cathode is still far from satisfactory. In this work, we identified that by regulating the overlapped discharge potential of these two cathodes, the F atom will migrate from CFx to CrOx, thus leading to a homogeneous distribution of LiF and improved ionic and electronic conductivity, eventually enhancing the high-rate discharge performance. Benefiting from the synergetic effect, the CrOx/10%eCFx composite exhibits a considerably high energy density of 496.59 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 49.7 kW kg−1 (50 C), which is far superior to the pure CrOx and CFx electrodes. We believe that the high-performance CrOx/eCFx composite cathode will justify its practical application in revitalizing advanced lithium primary batteries.