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<p>Lithium (Li) metal anodes (LMAs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity and low redox potentials. However, the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites and substantial volume expansion severely undermine their cycling stability, particularly at elevated current densities. Herein, we develop a lithiophilic 3D Li host by incorporating ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures onto brass fibers (ZnO/ZnSe@Brass), designed to enhance the fast-charging capabilities of Li metal batteries. This hierarchical structure effectively mitigates volume expansion and reduces local current density during lithiation. The uniformly distributed ZnO/ZnSe functions as a lithiophilic skin for the Li anode, facilitating smooth and dense Li deposition. Notably, the <i>in situ</i> formed solid electrolyte interphase, enriched with Li<sub>2</sub>Se and Li<sub>2</sub>O, provides high ionic conductivity and superior mechanical strength, thereby accelerating ion transport and charge transfer kinetics. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the ZnO/ZnSe@Brass host, the resulting Li symmetric cell exhibits robust cycling performance exceeding 10,000 cycles (20 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>/1 mA h cm<sup>−2</sup>) and supports fast charging rates at an ultra-high current density of 80 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. When paired with LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, the full-cell demonstrates excellent cycle life (&gt;500 cycles at 2 C) and outstanding rate performance. This finding of ZnO/ZnSe@Brass as a Li host sheds light on the design of advanced LMAs for fast-charging Li metal batteries.</p>

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Toward dendrite-free and fast-charging lithium metal batteries: interfacial engineering of 3D ZnO/ZnSe heterostructural lithium hosts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Jing Zhu,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Yuanfan Zhao,
  • Jiaojuan Lin,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Pengqian Guo,
  • Xinghui Wang

摘要

Lithium (Li) metal anodes (LMAs) have garnered significant attention due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity and low redox potentials. However, the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites and substantial volume expansion severely undermine their cycling stability, particularly at elevated current densities. Herein, we develop a lithiophilic 3D Li host by incorporating ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures onto brass fibers (ZnO/ZnSe@Brass), designed to enhance the fast-charging capabilities of Li metal batteries. This hierarchical structure effectively mitigates volume expansion and reduces local current density during lithiation. The uniformly distributed ZnO/ZnSe functions as a lithiophilic skin for the Li anode, facilitating smooth and dense Li deposition. Notably, the in situ formed solid electrolyte interphase, enriched with Li2Se and Li2O, provides high ionic conductivity and superior mechanical strength, thereby accelerating ion transport and charge transfer kinetics. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the ZnO/ZnSe@Brass host, the resulting Li symmetric cell exhibits robust cycling performance exceeding 10,000 cycles (20 mA cm−2/1 mA h cm−2) and supports fast charging rates at an ultra-high current density of 80 mA cm−2. When paired with LiFePO4, the full-cell demonstrates excellent cycle life (>500 cycles at 2 C) and outstanding rate performance. This finding of ZnO/ZnSe@Brass as a Li host sheds light on the design of advanced LMAs for fast-charging Li metal batteries.