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<p>The worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution increase the demand for energy-free passive thermal management. However, current passive temperature regulation systems lack adaptive capacity, and achieving precise temperature control is challenging. Herein, we propose and design a passive thermostat comprising a thermal-responsive poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel upper layer and a photothermal conversion bottom layer. The phase transition behavior of the thermal-responsive hydrogel results in reversible transparent and opaque states and allows a corresponding switchable solar heating and cooling process, thus fulfilling a thermostat function featuring designable and stable temperatures. By adjusting the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the upper hydrogel layer, the passive thermostat’s temperature can be precisely predesigned equal to the LCST in the open air, which is in the range of 30–38 °C. The passive thermostat can maintain a temperature variance of approximately 0.287 °C over 3 h in cold winter. Additionally, the thermostat can maintain a stable and relatively low temperature on extremely hot summer days, owing to the switching off solar heating capacity. These results underscore the potential of using clean, renewable solar resources for effective thermal management with stable and precise temperature controls.</p>

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Passive heating into designable temperatures with thermal responsive hydrogel for smart thermal managements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月27日

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  • Siyuan Dou,
  • Xueyan Hu,
  • Jinxin Dong,
  • Ling Liu,
  • Sijia Ge,
  • Ying Hao,
  • Jin Wang

摘要

The worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution increase the demand for energy-free passive thermal management. However, current passive temperature regulation systems lack adaptive capacity, and achieving precise temperature control is challenging. Herein, we propose and design a passive thermostat comprising a thermal-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel upper layer and a photothermal conversion bottom layer. The phase transition behavior of the thermal-responsive hydrogel results in reversible transparent and opaque states and allows a corresponding switchable solar heating and cooling process, thus fulfilling a thermostat function featuring designable and stable temperatures. By adjusting the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of the upper hydrogel layer, the passive thermostat’s temperature can be precisely predesigned equal to the LCST in the open air, which is in the range of 30–38 °C. The passive thermostat can maintain a temperature variance of approximately 0.287 °C over 3 h in cold winter. Additionally, the thermostat can maintain a stable and relatively low temperature on extremely hot summer days, owing to the switching off solar heating capacity. These results underscore the potential of using clean, renewable solar resources for effective thermal management with stable and precise temperature controls.