Biomimetic cell encapsulations by microfluidics

Cell encapsulated in biomaterials for organ repair or disease treatment is indeed an emerging field. Currently, microfluidics is being utilized to precisely control the quantity, size, and scaffold structure of encapsulated cells. Specifically, microfluidics offers the ability to design biomimetic morphologies that enhance the activity and function of encapsulated cells, thereby improving the effectiveness of disease treatment. In this review, we report the latest advancements in microfluidic-based biomimetic cell encapsulation. To begin with, we provide a brief overview of various naturally derived biomimetic structures that promote cellular functionality, such as those inspired by cells, plants, animals, and natural responses. Moving forward, we discuss recent cell encapsulation methods based on microtechnology and provide detailed descriptions of the relevant processes. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions of biomimetic cell encapsulation in disease treatment and clinical applications.