The synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in confined space

This review delves into the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), a pioneering nanomaterial in biomedical applications. It highlights the limitations of traditional synthetic methods, such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, sol–gel method, and hydrothermal synthesis, particularly their inability to fully control substance exchanges, impacting the purity and functionality of IONPs. Confined-space synthesis was proposed as a solution, offering precise control over the chemical processes and enhanced properties of IONPs. This approach parallels natural biosynthesis processes in cells, leveraging nanoreactors for controlled reactions. This review explores various strategies for confined-space synthesis in laboratory settings, aiming to advance the understanding and application of nanoreactors in IONPs production, thereby paving the way for the development of nanomaterials with more excellent biocompatibility and therapeutic effect.