Bioinspired and bioengineered nucleic acid drug carriers

Nucleic acid drugs have great potential in treating various diseases due to their advantage of directly acting on disease-causing genes. However, since they need to overcome multiple biological barriers to reach the target, they face many difficulties and challenges in practical applications. In order to improve the stability and delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs, researchers have begun to take advantage of the ability to deliver biomolecules endogenously, as possessed by bioengineered and bioinspired materials, for nucleic acid drug delivery. This paper focuses on the biological barriers that need to be overcome during the delivery of nucleic acid drugs and the advantages and applications of bioengineered and bioinspired materials in nucleic acid drug delivery. By utilizing these state-of-the-art biomaterials, researchers are expected to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nucleic acid drugs and provide a new solution for disease treatment.