Enhancing oxidative desulfurization of polyoxometalate by integrating with a self-reductive framework

With the strict control of sulfur content in fuels, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), a promising desulphurization technology, needs to be continuously developed. In this study, we integrated multiple approaches (fabricating a porous structure, increasing phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) loading, improving amphiphilicity, and enhancing the intrinsic activity of PMo using a reductive framework) into PAF-54 carriers to improve ODS catalytic ability. The catalytic performance suggested that PAF-54 was not simply used as a carrier for PMo by physical integration. During the binding process, electron transfer between PAF-54 and PMo formed Mo⁵⁺ with superior catalytic activity. Owing to the presence of PAF-54, the catalytic activity of PMo as the active component qualitatively improved to achieve rapid and efficient desulfurization. More importantly, we found that other nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers can also reduce some of Mo⁶⁺ in PMo during loading, and its formation mechanism was investigated. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing highly efficient DOS catalysts.