<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote the set of positive integers. For a set <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\subseteq \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we write <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\sim \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if and only if <i>A</i> contains all sufficiently large integers. For a positive integer <i>j</i> and a set <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B\subseteq \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we denote by <i>jB</i> the set of all integers that can be expressed as the sum of <i>j</i> elements of <i>B</i> (allowing repeats), and by <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(j\times B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the set of all integers that can be expressed as the sum of exactly <i>j</i> distinct elements of <i>B</i>. A set <i>B</i> is called an asymptotic basis if there exists a positive integer <i>h</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B\cup 2B\cup \cdots \cup hB\sim \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>∪</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mo>∼</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The order of an asymptotic basis <i>B</i> is the smallest positive integer <i>h</i> for which <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bigcup _{j=1}^{h} (jB) \sim \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>⋃</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>h</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Similarly, the restricted order of an asymptotic basis <i>B</i> is the smallest positive integer <i>h</i> for which <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bigcup _{j=1}^{h} (j \times B) \sim \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>⋃</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>h</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we prove that if <i>B</i> is a set of positive integers satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n/2\le B(n)\le n/2+k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all positive integers <i>n</i>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B\cup (2\times B)\sim \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∼</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <i>k</i> is a positive integer. Furthermore, we also show that both the upper bound and the lower bound are optimal.</p>

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Asymptotic Bases with Restricted Order Two

  • Shi-Qiang Chen,
  • Jing-Wen Li

摘要

Let \(\mathbb {N}\) N denote the set of positive integers. For a set \(A\subseteq \mathbb {N}\) A N , we write \(A\sim \mathbb {N}\) A N if and only if A contains all sufficiently large integers. For a positive integer j and a set \(B\subseteq \mathbb {N}\) B N , we denote by jB the set of all integers that can be expressed as the sum of j elements of B (allowing repeats), and by \(j\times B\) j × B the set of all integers that can be expressed as the sum of exactly j distinct elements of B. A set B is called an asymptotic basis if there exists a positive integer h such that \(B\cup 2B\cup \cdots \cup hB\sim \mathbb {N}\) B 2 B h B N . The order of an asymptotic basis B is the smallest positive integer h for which \(\bigcup _{j=1}^{h} (jB) \sim \mathbb {N}\) j = 1 h ( j B ) N . Similarly, the restricted order of an asymptotic basis B is the smallest positive integer h for which \(\bigcup _{j=1}^{h} (j \times B) \sim \mathbb {N}\) j = 1 h ( j × B ) N . In this paper, we prove that if B is a set of positive integers satisfying \(n/2\le B(n)\le n/2+k\) n / 2 B ( n ) n / 2 + k for all positive integers n, then \(B\cup (2\times B)\sim \mathbb {N}\) B ( 2 × B ) N , where k is a positive integer. Furthermore, we also show that both the upper bound and the lower bound are optimal.