<p>In 2022, Z.-W. Sun defined <Equation ID="Equ33"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} w_k^{(\alpha )}{(x)}=\sum _{j=1}^{k}w(k,j)^{\alpha }x^{j-1}, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </munderover> <mi>w</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>α</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k,\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are positive integers and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w(k,j)=\frac{1}{j}\left( {\begin{array}{c}k-1\\ j-1\end{array}}\right) \left( {\begin{array}{c}k+j\\ j-1\end{array}}\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>j</mi> </mfrac> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x)_{0}=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x)_{n}=x(x+1)\cdots (x+n-1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋯</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, it is proved by <i>q</i>-congruences that for any positive integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\alpha ,\beta , m,n,r}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we have <Equation ID="Equ34"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}&amp;\frac{(2,n)}{n(n+1)(n+2)}\sum _{k=1}^{n}k^r(k+1)^r(2k+1)w_{k}^{(\alpha )}(x)^{m}\in \mathbb {Z}[x], \\&amp;\frac{(2,n)}{n(n+1)(n+2)}\sum _{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{k}k^r(k+1)^r(2k+1) w_{k}^{(\alpha )}(x)^{m}\in {\mathbb {Z}}[x], \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>and <Equation ID="Equ35"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \frac{2}{[n,n+1,\cdots ,n+2\beta +1]}\sum _{k=1}^{n}(k)_{\beta }^r(k+\beta +1)_{\beta }^r(k+\beta ) \prod _{i=0}^{2\beta -1}w_{k+i}^{(\alpha )}(x)^m\in {\mathbb {Z}}[x], \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <munderover> <mo>∏</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>β</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\([n,n+1,\cdots ,n+2\beta +1]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the least common multiple of <i>n</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\cdots \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>⋯</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n+2\beta +1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Taking <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r=\beta =1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> above will confirm some of Z.-W. Sun’s conjectures.</p>

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q-Congruences for Z.-W. Sun’s Generalized Polynomials \(w^{(\alpha )}_k(x)\)

  • Lin-Yue Li,
  • Rong-Hua Wang

摘要

In 2022, Z.-W. Sun defined \(\begin{aligned} w_k^{(\alpha )}{(x)}=\sum _{j=1}^{k}w(k,j)^{\alpha }x^{j-1}, \end{aligned}\) w k ( α ) ( x ) = j = 1 k w ( k , j ) α x j - 1 , where \(k,\alpha \) k , α are positive integers and \(w(k,j)=\frac{1}{j}\left( {\begin{array}{c}k-1\\ j-1\end{array}}\right) \left( {\begin{array}{c}k+j\\ j-1\end{array}}\right) \) w ( k , j ) = 1 j k - 1 j - 1 k + j j - 1 . Let \((x)_{0}=1\) ( x ) 0 = 1 and \((x)_{n}=x(x+1)\cdots (x+n-1)\) ( x ) n = x ( x + 1 ) ( x + n - 1 ) for all \(n\ge 1\) n 1 . In this paper, it is proved by q-congruences that for any positive integers \({\alpha ,\beta , m,n,r}\) α , β , m , n , r , we have \(\begin{aligned}&\frac{(2,n)}{n(n+1)(n+2)}\sum _{k=1}^{n}k^r(k+1)^r(2k+1)w_{k}^{(\alpha )}(x)^{m}\in \mathbb {Z}[x], \\&\frac{(2,n)}{n(n+1)(n+2)}\sum _{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{k}k^r(k+1)^r(2k+1) w_{k}^{(\alpha )}(x)^{m}\in {\mathbb {Z}}[x], \end{aligned}\) ( 2 , n ) n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) k = 1 n k r ( k + 1 ) r ( 2 k + 1 ) w k ( α ) ( x ) m Z [ x ] , ( 2 , n ) n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) k = 1 n ( - 1 ) k k r ( k + 1 ) r ( 2 k + 1 ) w k ( α ) ( x ) m Z [ x ] , and \(\begin{aligned} \frac{2}{[n,n+1,\cdots ,n+2\beta +1]}\sum _{k=1}^{n}(k)_{\beta }^r(k+\beta +1)_{\beta }^r(k+\beta ) \prod _{i=0}^{2\beta -1}w_{k+i}^{(\alpha )}(x)^m\in {\mathbb {Z}}[x], \end{aligned}\) 2 [ n , n + 1 , , n + 2 β + 1 ] k = 1 n ( k ) β r ( k + β + 1 ) β r ( k + β ) i = 0 2 β - 1 w k + i ( α ) ( x ) m Z [ x ] , where \([n,n+1,\cdots ,n+2\beta +1]\) [ n , n + 1 , , n + 2 β + 1 ] is the least common multiple of n, \(n+1\) n + 1 , \(\cdots \) , \(n+2\beta +1\) n + 2 β + 1 . Taking \(r=\beta =1\) r = β = 1 above will confirm some of Z.-W. Sun’s conjectures.