<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>π</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a cyclic permutation that can be expressed in its one-line form as <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi = \pi _1\pi _2 \cdots \pi _n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and in its cycle form as <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="133" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi = (c_1,c_2,\ldots , c_n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>π</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Archer et al. introduced the notion of pattern avoidance of one-line and all cycle forms for a cyclic permutation <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>π</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, defined as both <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi _1\pi _2 \cdots \pi _n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and its arbitrary cycle form <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="160" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_ic_{i+1}\cdots c_nc_1c_2\cdots c_{i-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> avoiding a given pattern. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}^\circ _n(\sigma ; \tau )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∘</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>τ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote the set of cyclic permutations in the symmetric group <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that avoid <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in their one-line forms and avoid <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in all their cycle forms. In this note, we prove that <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="119" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|\mathcal {A}^\circ _n(2431; 1324)|\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∘</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2431</mn> <mo>;</mo> <mn>1324</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40840_2025_1859_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n-1)^\mathrm{{st}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">st</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Pell number for any positive integer <i>n</i>. Thereby, we give a positive answer to a conjecture of Archer et al.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

On a Conjecture about Pattern Avoidance of Cyclic Permutations

  • Junyao Pan

摘要

Let \(\pi \) π be a cyclic permutation that can be expressed in its one-line form as \(\pi = \pi _1\pi _2 \cdots \pi _n\) π = π 1 π 2 π n and in its cycle form as \(\pi = (c_1,c_2,\ldots , c_n)\) π = ( c 1 , c 2 , , c n ) . Archer et al. introduced the notion of pattern avoidance of one-line and all cycle forms for a cyclic permutation \(\pi \) π , defined as both \(\pi _1\pi _2 \cdots \pi _n\) π 1 π 2 π n and its arbitrary cycle form \(c_ic_{i+1}\cdots c_nc_1c_2\cdots c_{i-1}\) c i c i + 1 c n c 1 c 2 c i - 1 avoiding a given pattern. Let \(\mathcal {A}^\circ _n(\sigma ; \tau )\) A n ( σ ; τ ) denote the set of cyclic permutations in the symmetric group \(S_n\) S n that avoid \(\sigma \) σ in their one-line forms and avoid \(\tau \) τ in all their cycle forms. In this note, we prove that \(|\mathcal {A}^\circ _n(2431; 1324)|\) | A n ( 2431 ; 1324 ) | is the \((n-1)^\mathrm{{st}}\) ( n - 1 ) st Pell number for any positive integer n. Thereby, we give a positive answer to a conjecture of Archer et al.