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<p>As a key energy conversion technology in the highly energy-intensive blast furnace process, pulverized coal injection (PCI) reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and production costs by substituting for coke. This critical review analyzes PCI from an energy system efficiency perspective. Achieving efficient and stable PCI operation is a complex systems engineering challenge. The core conflict lies between rapid heterogeneous combustion in the raceway and the subsequent migration of unburned pulverized coal (UPC) throughout the furnace. The formation and accumulation of UPC is the primary bottleneck, limiting the coal injection rate and degrading burden permeability. The paper examines the shift from component-level improvements to integrated, data-driven smart optimization. It also explores co-injection of alternative fuels such as hydrogen-rich gases to enhance flexibility and lower carbon intensity. The existing PCI infrastructure and operational knowledge are vital for the industry’s low-carbon transition, including carbon capture integration and hydrogen injection trials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Toward Carbon Neutrality: The Role of Pulverized Coal Injection in Green Blast Furnace Ironmaking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Minmin Sun,
  • Zhe Jiang,
  • Keliang Pang,
  • Ziyu Guo,
  • Haotian Wu,
  • Taidong Liu,
  • Liguo Zhang

摘要

As a key energy conversion technology in the highly energy-intensive blast furnace process, pulverized coal injection (PCI) reduces CO2 emissions and production costs by substituting for coke. This critical review analyzes PCI from an energy system efficiency perspective. Achieving efficient and stable PCI operation is a complex systems engineering challenge. The core conflict lies between rapid heterogeneous combustion in the raceway and the subsequent migration of unburned pulverized coal (UPC) throughout the furnace. The formation and accumulation of UPC is the primary bottleneck, limiting the coal injection rate and degrading burden permeability. The paper examines the shift from component-level improvements to integrated, data-driven smart optimization. It also explores co-injection of alternative fuels such as hydrogen-rich gases to enhance flexibility and lower carbon intensity. The existing PCI infrastructure and operational knowledge are vital for the industry’s low-carbon transition, including carbon capture integration and hydrogen injection trials.

Graphical Abstract