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<p>In the context of escalating environmental concerns and the progressive depletion of nonferrous metal resources, the copper-cadmium slag produced from zinc hydrometallurgy has attracted significant attention owing to its richness in valuable metals such as copper and zinc, as well as the toxic element cadmium. Nevertheless, the efficient recycling of these metals remains a challenging task due to its high oxidation resistance. To address this problem, a Brønsted acidic 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([bmim]HSO<sub>4</sub>) ionic liquid (IL) is employed for the enhanced leaching of copper-cadmium slag under air. Consequently, the extraction efficiency of copper attains 99.2%, representing a 45.7% improvement compared with conventional methods. The leaching process is dominated by diffusion, and its activation energy is 17.32&#xa0;kJ/mol. Hydrogen ions (released by the ionic liquid), solution potential, and dissolved oxygen were identified as the primary factors enhancing copper-cadmium slag leaching. The presence of [bmim]HSO<sub>4</sub> promotes leaching of metal in the slag, which can be attributed to the increase in the solution potential, oxygen solubility, and the transfer of dissolved oxygen, thereby accelerating the oxidation reaction. Ionic liquids prove essential for environmentally sustainable and high-yield reclaiming of valuable metals from hazardous wastes.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Clean and Effective Recycling of Copper-Cadmium Slag Assisted by [bmim]HSO4 Ionic Liquid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Jianru Li,
  • Cunying Xu,
  • Yukun Gou,
  • Hangjie Cai,
  • Qibo Zhang,
  • Yixin Hua,
  • Yan Li

摘要

In the context of escalating environmental concerns and the progressive depletion of nonferrous metal resources, the copper-cadmium slag produced from zinc hydrometallurgy has attracted significant attention owing to its richness in valuable metals such as copper and zinc, as well as the toxic element cadmium. Nevertheless, the efficient recycling of these metals remains a challenging task due to its high oxidation resistance. To address this problem, a Brønsted acidic 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([bmim]HSO4) ionic liquid (IL) is employed for the enhanced leaching of copper-cadmium slag under air. Consequently, the extraction efficiency of copper attains 99.2%, representing a 45.7% improvement compared with conventional methods. The leaching process is dominated by diffusion, and its activation energy is 17.32 kJ/mol. Hydrogen ions (released by the ionic liquid), solution potential, and dissolved oxygen were identified as the primary factors enhancing copper-cadmium slag leaching. The presence of [bmim]HSO4 promotes leaching of metal in the slag, which can be attributed to the increase in the solution potential, oxygen solubility, and the transfer of dissolved oxygen, thereby accelerating the oxidation reaction. Ionic liquids prove essential for environmentally sustainable and high-yield reclaiming of valuable metals from hazardous wastes.

Graphical Abstract