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<p>Different mass contributions of MnO/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCO) composites were produced by mechanical alloying method and characterized using various methods to confirm the successful interaction between MnO and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. XRD and XPS analyses revealed enhanced Mn-Co incorporation, contributing to photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TC) under natural sunlight. In addition, the effects of catalyst amount, pH, scavenger, and variable water environments on photocatalytic performance were determined. Optimal TC removal of 95% was achieved with 20&#xa0;mg of MCO-5% catalyst in acidic conditions. The study also showed that real water matrices, particularly lake water, accelerated the degradation process. Furthermore, the MCO-5% photocatalyst demonstrated good reusability, maintaining 63% efficiency after five cycles. This research highlights the potential of MCO hybrid systems synthesized via mechanical alloying for antibiotic removal in aquatic environments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and Characterization of Co3O4-MnO Hybrid Using Mechanical Alloying for Efficient Tetracycline Photocatalytic Degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Mehmet Buğdaycı,
  • Senem Aksoy,
  • Nergiz Kanmaz,
  • Pelin Demircivi

摘要

Different mass contributions of MnO/Co3O4 (MCO) composites were produced by mechanical alloying method and characterized using various methods to confirm the successful interaction between MnO and Co3O4. XRD and XPS analyses revealed enhanced Mn-Co incorporation, contributing to photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TC) under natural sunlight. In addition, the effects of catalyst amount, pH, scavenger, and variable water environments on photocatalytic performance were determined. Optimal TC removal of 95% was achieved with 20 mg of MCO-5% catalyst in acidic conditions. The study also showed that real water matrices, particularly lake water, accelerated the degradation process. Furthermore, the MCO-5% photocatalyst demonstrated good reusability, maintaining 63% efficiency after five cycles. This research highlights the potential of MCO hybrid systems synthesized via mechanical alloying for antibiotic removal in aquatic environments.

Graphical Abstract