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<p>Niobium (Nb) is a critical metal, and its recovery from secondary sources would help to ensure supply and reduce the risk of shortages. In this work, the extraction of Nb from cassiterite flotation residues was studied through a pyrohydrometallurgical route involving acid calcination followed by aqueous solubilization. The influence of parameters such as solid/liquid (S/L) ratio (residue/acid) (1/1–1/6), temperature (100–225&#xa0;°C), sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) concentration (8–18&#xa0;mol/L), and time (1–12&#xa0;h) during the acid calcination was studied, as well as S/L ratio (residue/water) (1/3–1/12) during the aqueous solubilization. The characterization of the residue showed 23% Si, 11.47% Zr, 8.96% Na, 6% Fe, 5.60% Al, and 0.34% Nb, with this Nb content being higher than that reported in primary minerals (0.15–0.20% Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>). The highest Nb extraction of 93% was achieved under acid calcination at a residue-to-acid ratio of 1/5, 200&#xa0;°C, 16&#xa0;mol/L H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and 6&#xa0;h, followed by aqueous solubilization at a residue-to-water ratio of 1/5 at 90&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h. These results demonstrate that the residue constitutes a secondary source of Nb and that its reuse contributes to sustainable development.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Extraction of Nb from Cassiterite Flotation Residues by Acid Calcination and Water Solubilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • George Orlando Martinez-Gutierrez,
  • Darwin Michell Cheje Machaca,
  • Franco Garjulli,
  • Bárbara Rocha Pereira,
  • Angie Fiorella Mayta-Armas,
  • Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa,
  • Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório,
  • Marcela dos Passos Galluzzi Baltazar

摘要

Niobium (Nb) is a critical metal, and its recovery from secondary sources would help to ensure supply and reduce the risk of shortages. In this work, the extraction of Nb from cassiterite flotation residues was studied through a pyrohydrometallurgical route involving acid calcination followed by aqueous solubilization. The influence of parameters such as solid/liquid (S/L) ratio (residue/acid) (1/1–1/6), temperature (100–225 °C), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration (8–18 mol/L), and time (1–12 h) during the acid calcination was studied, as well as S/L ratio (residue/water) (1/3–1/12) during the aqueous solubilization. The characterization of the residue showed 23% Si, 11.47% Zr, 8.96% Na, 6% Fe, 5.60% Al, and 0.34% Nb, with this Nb content being higher than that reported in primary minerals (0.15–0.20% Nb2O5). The highest Nb extraction of 93% was achieved under acid calcination at a residue-to-acid ratio of 1/5, 200 °C, 16 mol/L H2SO4, and 6 h, followed by aqueous solubilization at a residue-to-water ratio of 1/5 at 90 °C for 2 h. These results demonstrate that the residue constitutes a secondary source of Nb and that its reuse contributes to sustainable development.

Graphical Abstract