<p>With industrialized advance, high-quality refractory raw materials are becoming scarce. Aluminum dross, a byproduct from aluminum alloy and recycled aluminum production, is an industrial waste rich in alumina. This alumina can serve as a new raw material for refractories, addressing the shortage and promoting sustainable resource recycling. Furthermore, apart from alumina, the aluminum dross also comprises detrimental elements including fluoride, chloride, and heavy metals, significantly compromising the reusability of the aluminum dross. Thus, meticulous pretreatment is crucial to remove these noxious chemicals and improve alumina quality before using it in refractories. This paper introduces a purification technique for secondary aluminum dross and explores advancements in producing various refractories such as regenerated alumina, corundum, Sialon, magnesia-alumina spinel, and mullite. Studies show that secondary aluminum dross has potential as a refractory source material due to its high bulk density, excellent thermal shock resistance, and slag resistance. Yet, challenges remain in utilizing it for refractories, including cost issues, the level of treatment technology advancement, and inconsistent product performance. The paper analyzes these issues and provides a future outlook for recovering secondary aluminum dross as a refractory resource. It is predicted that continuous technological innovation and process optimization will enhance the use efficiency of secondary aluminum dross, reduce production costs, and make it a financially viable raw material for refractories. This will also diversify refractory raw material sources, ensure sustainable resource use, and contribute to environmental protection and resource conservation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>