<p>The widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to a significant accumulation of discarded batteries. Recycling these batteries is essential to address resource scarcity, reduce environmental contamination, and promote sustainable development. In this study, we propose an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for constructing leaching systems using <span>l</span>-malic acid and hydrogen peroxide to extract lithium (Li) and iron (Fe) from lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP). The results of leaching experiments showed that the leaching efficiency of Li and Fe reached 99.6% and 99.3%, respectively, under optimal reaction conditions: 1-mol/L <span>l</span>-malic acid, 4% volume fraction of hydrogen peroxide, a leaching temperature of 70&#xa0;°C, a leaching time of 40&#xa0;min, and a liquid–solid ratio of 100&#xa0;mL/g. Mechanism analysis revealed that <span>l</span>-malic acid, acting as a complexing agent in an acidic medium, created an optimal pH environment and facilitated the formation of complexes. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide enhanced the extraction of Li and Fe due to its strong oxidizing properties. This study not only demonstrates the efficacy and practicality of this combined approach but also lays a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the development of eco-friendly waste battery recycling technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>