Detinning of Tin-Coated Steel Composite Using Chemical and Electrochemical Techniques
摘要
One of the key secondary resources for metallic tin is tinplated cans, which account for 23% of the domestic apparent consumption of metal tin. The recovery processes for recovering tin from tinplated metal cans are primarily electrochemical (electroplating and electrowinning) and chemical (leaching) techniques. In this study, one-step electrolytic detinning and two-step leaching and electrowinning processes for tin extraction in alkaline-based solvents are reviewed and optimized for several process parameters. The anodic polarization behavior of pure bulk tin and tinplated steel anodes is studied for its active–passive characteristics in various alkaline-based medium in the presence of oxidizing and reducing agents, and polarization parameters are summarized. Additives like potassium iodate as an oxidizing agent increase the tin dissolution rate and metallic aluminum additive as reducing agent increases the electrodeposition rate in sodium hydroxide-based medium. Electrolytic detinning optimal conditions are optimal electrolyte concentration of 2 M NaOH and 25 g/l of Na2SnO3 at a maximum current density of 100A/m2. Optimal conditions for leaching are lixiviant mixture of 0.5 M KOH and 0.25 M KIO3 with a tin-to-lixiviant ratio of 25 g/l. Optimal conditions for electrowinning are electrolyte containing 0.5 M KOH, 0.25 M KIO3, and 2.5weight% aluminum at 60 °C at a current density of 500A/m2.
Graphical Abstract