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<p>In this study, we developed a new synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid extracted indium from the acid solution of indium-enriched precipitation residue, and investigated the behavior of the synergistic system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid for the extraction of indium with microwave-assisted, Synergistic extraction of indium was most effective at X<sub>Cyanex272</sub> = 20%(v/v), X<sub>Versatic 10 acid</sub> = 10%(v/v), and obtained the optimal extraction conditions of pH = 2.0, the ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) 1:3, contact time 1&#xa0;min, temperature 40&#xa0;°C, and microwave power 70 W. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of indium, zinc, and aluminum were 99.96, 0.12, and 0.89%, and the separation coefficients were <i>β</i><sub>In/Zn</sub> = 207,251 and <i>β</i><sub>In/Al</sub> = 27,728, respectively, which indicated that the synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid has good selectivity for the extraction of indium. We used hydrochloric acid to strip indium from the indium-loaded organic phase using microwave-assisted, and obtained the optimum conditions for indium stripping as hydrochloric acid concentration of 2.0&#xa0;mol/L, O/A = 1.5:1, contact time of 3&#xa0;min, temperature of 40&#xa0;°C, and microwave power of 90 W. The rate of indium stripping under these conditions was 99.8%. The stoichiometric number of indium extracted by the synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid was determined by the slope method, and the thermodynamic parameters of indium extraction were calculated, and it proves that the extraction process is a heat-absorbing reaction. The McCabe–Thiele diagram for extracting indium and the McCabe–Thiele diagram for stripping indium were also constructed, and theoretically two stages were required for 100% completion of indium extraction and two stages were required for 100% stripping of indium. Through infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the organic phase loaded with indium, it was demonstrated that the mechanism of microwave-assisted indium extraction is that microwaves can accelerate the ionization of hydrogen ions in Versatic 10 acid, and then the ionized hydrogen ions combine with –P=O to form O–H<sup>+</sup>–−O=P bonds, which accelerates the synergistic extraction of Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid of indium. Organic phase recycling experiments were carried out, and the organic phase could be recycled three times. It provides a new extraction idea for indium extraction. In the future, we will focus on the amplification of microwave-assisted extraction equipment in order to achieve industrial production.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Indium from Precipitation Residues Solution Using Cyanex 272 + Versatic 10 Acid Synergistic Extraction Solvent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月20日

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  • Shiju Li,
  • Haibei Wang,
  • Shengdong Wang,
  • Feng Xie,
  • Xudong Sun

摘要

In this study, we developed a new synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid extracted indium from the acid solution of indium-enriched precipitation residue, and investigated the behavior of the synergistic system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid for the extraction of indium with microwave-assisted, Synergistic extraction of indium was most effective at XCyanex272 = 20%(v/v), XVersatic 10 acid = 10%(v/v), and obtained the optimal extraction conditions of pH = 2.0, the ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) 1:3, contact time 1 min, temperature 40 °C, and microwave power 70 W. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of indium, zinc, and aluminum were 99.96, 0.12, and 0.89%, and the separation coefficients were βIn/Zn = 207,251 and βIn/Al = 27,728, respectively, which indicated that the synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid has good selectivity for the extraction of indium. We used hydrochloric acid to strip indium from the indium-loaded organic phase using microwave-assisted, and obtained the optimum conditions for indium stripping as hydrochloric acid concentration of 2.0 mol/L, O/A = 1.5:1, contact time of 3 min, temperature of 40 °C, and microwave power of 90 W. The rate of indium stripping under these conditions was 99.8%. The stoichiometric number of indium extracted by the synergistic extraction system Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid was determined by the slope method, and the thermodynamic parameters of indium extraction were calculated, and it proves that the extraction process is a heat-absorbing reaction. The McCabe–Thiele diagram for extracting indium and the McCabe–Thiele diagram for stripping indium were also constructed, and theoretically two stages were required for 100% completion of indium extraction and two stages were required for 100% stripping of indium. Through infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the organic phase loaded with indium, it was demonstrated that the mechanism of microwave-assisted indium extraction is that microwaves can accelerate the ionization of hydrogen ions in Versatic 10 acid, and then the ionized hydrogen ions combine with –P=O to form O–H+–−O=P bonds, which accelerates the synergistic extraction of Cyanex272 + Versatic 10 acid of indium. Organic phase recycling experiments were carried out, and the organic phase could be recycled three times. It provides a new extraction idea for indium extraction. In the future, we will focus on the amplification of microwave-assisted extraction equipment in order to achieve industrial production.

Graphical Abstract