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Purpose of Review <p>This review systematically analyzes the scientific literature on interactions among ecosystem services (ES) in the territory of the American Gran Chaco, covering its three constituent ecoregions (Dry, Humid, and Serrano), over the last 24 years (2001–2025). The objective is to synthesize the current state of knowledge by: (a) identifying the main documented trade-offs and synergies; (b) characterizing the analytical approaches and methods used; (c) determining the main drivers of ES interactions; and (d) identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for more integrated and sustainable landscape management.</p> Recent Findings <p>Our analysis of 106 studies reveals that ES research in the Chaco is a growing and diversifying field of study. Although biophysical approaches have historically dominated (49% of studies), there is a clear trend toward more integrative socioecological and sociocultural perspectives, particularly since 2011. Regulation (32.3%) and support (28.8%) services are the most studied, while cultural services remain underrepresented (12.6%). A key finding is the statistically significant association between landscape dynamics (e.g., agricultural expansion) and the type of ES interaction, with deforestation scenarios being strongly linked to trade-offs. The review also highlights a persistent thematic fragmentation and reductionist biases, where individual services are analyzed in isolation, potentially underestimating the stability and multifunctionality of natural ecosystems.</p> Summary <p>The scientific literature on ES in the Gran Chaco has evolved from a predominantly biophysical focus toward more complex socioecological frameworks. However, critical challenges persist, including thematic fragmentation and a bias toward certain ES. The key recommendation is to promote inter- and transdisciplinary research, integrate diverse knowledge systems, and focus on less visible services and the institutional dimensions of ES governance. The research provides a comprehensive baseline for future studies and for the formulation of more integrated policies.</p>

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Trade-offs and Synergies among Ecosystem Services in Dynamic Landscapes of the American Gran Chaco: a Systematic Review of the Last 24 Years (2001–2025)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Federico Rivas,
  • Constanza Urdampilleta,
  • María Magdalena Abt Giubergia

摘要

Purpose of Review

This review systematically analyzes the scientific literature on interactions among ecosystem services (ES) in the territory of the American Gran Chaco, covering its three constituent ecoregions (Dry, Humid, and Serrano), over the last 24 years (2001–2025). The objective is to synthesize the current state of knowledge by: (a) identifying the main documented trade-offs and synergies; (b) characterizing the analytical approaches and methods used; (c) determining the main drivers of ES interactions; and (d) identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for more integrated and sustainable landscape management.

Recent Findings

Our analysis of 106 studies reveals that ES research in the Chaco is a growing and diversifying field of study. Although biophysical approaches have historically dominated (49% of studies), there is a clear trend toward more integrative socioecological and sociocultural perspectives, particularly since 2011. Regulation (32.3%) and support (28.8%) services are the most studied, while cultural services remain underrepresented (12.6%). A key finding is the statistically significant association between landscape dynamics (e.g., agricultural expansion) and the type of ES interaction, with deforestation scenarios being strongly linked to trade-offs. The review also highlights a persistent thematic fragmentation and reductionist biases, where individual services are analyzed in isolation, potentially underestimating the stability and multifunctionality of natural ecosystems.

Summary

The scientific literature on ES in the Gran Chaco has evolved from a predominantly biophysical focus toward more complex socioecological frameworks. However, critical challenges persist, including thematic fragmentation and a bias toward certain ES. The key recommendation is to promote inter- and transdisciplinary research, integrate diverse knowledge systems, and focus on less visible services and the institutional dimensions of ES governance. The research provides a comprehensive baseline for future studies and for the formulation of more integrated policies.