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<p>Interfacial solar-driven water evaporation offers a sustainable route to clean water production, but faces critical challenges of salt accumulation and organic contamination in complex industrial wastewater treatment. To address these challenges, we engineered a multifunctional 3D-printed hydrogel evaporator with vertically aligned grid architectures and hierarchical porosity. This unique structure promotes rapid water replenishment and Marangoni-driven salt back-diffusion through millimeter-scale channels, effectively preventing salt crystallization. By integrating carbon black and the metal–organic framework PCN-224 into the printing ink, we constructed a dual-functional photothermal–photocatalytic system. This synergistic combination not only enhances light absorption and photothermal conversion but also significantly reduces the water evaporation enthalpy. Coupled with heat-accelerated reaction kinetics, the system achieves efficient broad-spectrum photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The resultant composite evaporator attains a high water evaporation rate of 2.04&#xa0;kg&#xa0;m⁻<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;h⁻<sup>1</sup> under one-sun illumination, maintaining stable performance across a wide salinity range. Simultaneously, it degraded 96.5% of rhodamine B within 60&#xa0;min under 1.5&#xa0;kW&#xa0;m⁻<sup>2</sup> irradiation. This work demonstrates a synergistic strategy for simultaneous solar water production and purification, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for advanced wastewater treatment. </p>

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Hierarchically Architected 3D-Printed Hydrogel Evaporators Enable Synergistic Salt Management and Photocatalytic Purification

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Xin Yang,
  • Xinqi Guo,
  • Yankuan Tian,
  • Rong Zhou,
  • Yifei Gong,
  • Chengming Zhang,
  • Feng Ji,
  • Liu Liu,
  • Faxue Li,
  • Ruiyun Zhang,
  • Jianyong Yu,
  • Tingting Gao

摘要

Interfacial solar-driven water evaporation offers a sustainable route to clean water production, but faces critical challenges of salt accumulation and organic contamination in complex industrial wastewater treatment. To address these challenges, we engineered a multifunctional 3D-printed hydrogel evaporator with vertically aligned grid architectures and hierarchical porosity. This unique structure promotes rapid water replenishment and Marangoni-driven salt back-diffusion through millimeter-scale channels, effectively preventing salt crystallization. By integrating carbon black and the metal–organic framework PCN-224 into the printing ink, we constructed a dual-functional photothermal–photocatalytic system. This synergistic combination not only enhances light absorption and photothermal conversion but also significantly reduces the water evaporation enthalpy. Coupled with heat-accelerated reaction kinetics, the system achieves efficient broad-spectrum photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The resultant composite evaporator attains a high water evaporation rate of 2.04 kg m⁻2 h⁻1 under one-sun illumination, maintaining stable performance across a wide salinity range. Simultaneously, it degraded 96.5% of rhodamine B within 60 min under 1.5 kW m⁻2 irradiation. This work demonstrates a synergistic strategy for simultaneous solar water production and purification, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for advanced wastewater treatment.