Mathematical Modelling of Viscosity Ratio and Time-Varying Stretching Velocity Impact on Ternary Liquid Film Flow Over an Unsteady Permeable Surface
摘要
The present study investigates the Brinkman ratio impact on the boundary layer flows of a ternary nanofluid film flow with unsteady velocity over a porous stretching/shrinking surface. The ternary nano composites are derived by dissolving aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), in water, motivated by its superior heat transfer performance compared to single or binary nanofluids. The present flow problem is modelled into partial differential equations and these guiding equations are calculated into nonlinear differential equations via suitable similarity transformations then solved by using Ruge-Kutta Felberg scheme with shooting method. The novelty of this work lies in the combined analysis of ternary nanofluid behavior, Brinkman effects, and unsteady flow over porous stretching/shrinking surfaces, which has not been previously explored. Outcomes of the present analysis reveals that enhancing the porous media velocity by 18%, raising the stretching parameter reduces the velocity by 23%, and raising the viscosity ratio parameter raises the velocity of the fluid flow by 13%. The present results show excellent agreement with previous studies, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical method for ternary nanofluid flows. These generated conclusions serve to describe the movement of liquid films as well as to provide a precise solution for the Navier-Stoke’s equations of Brinkman model ternary nano fluid occurring in practical applications such as optimizing industrial coating processes, where controlling film thickness and uniformity is crucial.