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<p>Nanofluids have recently attracted considerable attention for their wide range of industrial and engineering applications. Current work examines the heat transfer in 3D electromagnetic Williamson nanofluid flow over a porous bidirectional extending sheet with convective boundary constraints. The originality of the present work is the consideration of novel parameters, magnetic field, solar radiation, suction/blowing, and power law motion along with activation energy, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and thermal source/sink in the 3D flow model with the graphical illustration for these parameters with both linear and nonlinear stretching. Such a graphical illustration for Williamson nanofluid with power law stretching was not attempted earlier. A numerical solution is estimated for a set of coupled homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the Newton Raphson method with the Runge–Kutta–Felhberg (RKF45) technique using Maple software. The findings show that the Nusselt number increases with a maximum 13.5% positive variation in power law stretching as advancing from suction to injection along with magnetic and radiation parameters in the current flow model. Drag force on the fluid's surface is more due to nonlinear stretching than linear.</p>

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Williamson Nanofluid Heat Analysis Under Power-Law Stretching in Porous Media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Sweeti Yadav,
  • P. A. Dinesh,
  • K. R. Roopa,
  • Diwakar Prahaladaiah,
  • Chandrashekhar Badachi

摘要

Nanofluids have recently attracted considerable attention for their wide range of industrial and engineering applications. Current work examines the heat transfer in 3D electromagnetic Williamson nanofluid flow over a porous bidirectional extending sheet with convective boundary constraints. The originality of the present work is the consideration of novel parameters, magnetic field, solar radiation, suction/blowing, and power law motion along with activation energy, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and thermal source/sink in the 3D flow model with the graphical illustration for these parameters with both linear and nonlinear stretching. Such a graphical illustration for Williamson nanofluid with power law stretching was not attempted earlier. A numerical solution is estimated for a set of coupled homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the Newton Raphson method with the Runge–Kutta–Felhberg (RKF45) technique using Maple software. The findings show that the Nusselt number increases with a maximum 13.5% positive variation in power law stretching as advancing from suction to injection along with magnetic and radiation parameters in the current flow model. Drag force on the fluid's surface is more due to nonlinear stretching than linear.