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<p>This study investigates the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-enhanced nanofluids in Darcy-Forchheimer flow through converging and diverging channels, incorporating the effects of infrared radiation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. Key parameters—including Reynolds number, porosity, inertia coefficient, Prandtl number, radiation intensity, and nanoparticle volume fraction—are analysed for their influence on flow and heat transfer. Results demonstrate that increasing the SWCNT volume fraction significantly enhances the Nusselt number, attributed to the exceptional thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles. Converging geometries show improved heat transfer performance due to elevated velocities and thinner thermal boundary layers, while diverging channels result in reduced efficiency. An increase in the radiation parameter intensifies temperature gradients, promoting heat dissipation. Notably, the Nusselt number rises by up to 15% as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases from 0.1 to 0.7, and radiation effects can enhance temperature gradients by 20%. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of SWCNT-based nanofluids for advanced thermal management in systems such as heat exchangers and HVAC units.</p>

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Thermal and Fluid Flow Dynamics Over a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Converging and Diverging Channels Under Darcy-Forchheimer Flow Conditions: A Comprehensive Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Jyothi Anigere Marikempaiah,
  • Sreelakshmi Thalanki Kanthraj,
  • Jagadeesha Seethappa,
  • Ananda Kempaiah,
  • Chandra Shekara Guruva Reddy,
  • Kavita Permi

摘要

This study investigates the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-enhanced nanofluids in Darcy-Forchheimer flow through converging and diverging channels, incorporating the effects of infrared radiation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. Key parameters—including Reynolds number, porosity, inertia coefficient, Prandtl number, radiation intensity, and nanoparticle volume fraction—are analysed for their influence on flow and heat transfer. Results demonstrate that increasing the SWCNT volume fraction significantly enhances the Nusselt number, attributed to the exceptional thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles. Converging geometries show improved heat transfer performance due to elevated velocities and thinner thermal boundary layers, while diverging channels result in reduced efficiency. An increase in the radiation parameter intensifies temperature gradients, promoting heat dissipation. Notably, the Nusselt number rises by up to 15% as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases from 0.1 to 0.7, and radiation effects can enhance temperature gradients by 20%. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of SWCNT-based nanofluids for advanced thermal management in systems such as heat exchangers and HVAC units.